Woman in the Labor Market: Uzbekistan and World Practice

Аннотация

The published article reveals the relevance and necessity of researching the gender aspects of the economy. Gender economics analyzes the differences in the economic situation of men and women. Particular attention of the author is concentrated on the position of women in the labor market. The main socio-economic problems of women's employment in the labor market, including Uzbekistan, are investigated. Analytical data on women's participation in the global economy are presented. The author concludes that the status of women and their status have undergone significant changes, caused not only by legislative norms, political processes, but also by changes in the social consciousness, which was the result of economic processes that swept Uzbekistan. Keywords--- Labor, Labor Potential, Labor Market, Woman, Gender Inequality, Woman Entrepreneur, Women's Economic Activity, Female Labor, Discrimination, Digital Economy. I. Introduction The functioning of the labor market is based on the fact that the population, in order to conduct normal life activities, is forced to sell their labor for a fee, where a specific product is a certain set of intellectual, spiritual, physical abilities of a person, which, in general, represent an individual labor potential. The labor market itself is a sphere of the formation of supply and demand for labor. As a result of this mechanism, the equilibrium price is determined and the level of employment of the population is established. Today, the labor market is one of the indicators by which one can judge the well-being and stability of the country. A market economy forces an individual to upgrade qualifications, acquire knowledge and skills, and build up experience. Today, the more a person can, knows, knows how to compare with surrounding applicants (competition), the more chances he has to get the desired job with high pay. However, in the twenty-first century, often about myself, I began to recall the fact - shortening the life cycle of professions. With the rapid development of the digital economy, some activities in the near future may be doomed to disappear due to the emergence of new machines, equipment, technologies that replace a person and leave him without work. Among the specialties that require complex preliminary training, the so-called intellectual ones, everyone connected with the systematization of data came under attack - it is these employees who can replace computers most quickly. II. Main Part The list of departing already contains professions: dispatchers, tour agents, realtors, the need for which is disappearing with the advent of Internet services that allow people to directly contact hotels, buy airline tickets, and sellers and home buyers to communicate with each other. Soon, estimates, decoders, translators, archivists, notaries, analysts, as well as public service operators may soon be a thing of the past. In addition, economists, managers, accountants are traditionally at risk. Therefore, an undoubted attribute of every economically active person today should be a tendency to adapt and adapt to environmental changes, in particular, retraining. Labor is a basic human need and a basic form of activity, thanks to which a person was formed, and a society arose. The sphere of labor and employment is the basis for a prosperous life for individuals and social groups that make up modern society, which means that the development of the whole society, in which a woman plays a significant role, depends on the stability of the labor market. At present, it is impossible to underestimate the fact that the empowerment of women and girls has a multiplier effect and helps to stimulate economic growth and development in all areas. Over the past twentieth century, the image of an Uzbek woman has changed dramatically. The crown of the struggle for women's equal rights in Uzbekistan was the campaign for the removal of the burqa. On March 8, 1927, on the Registan Square in the city of Samarkand, thousands of Uzbek women threw off their burqa. In the middle of the twentieth century, she was already different from that painstaking, clogged woman, but continued to be the DOI: 10.5373/JARDCS/V12SP7/20202333 ISSN 1943-023X 2138 Received: 20 May 2020/Accepted: 20 June 2020 Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 12, 07-Special Issue, 2020 guardian of the family hearth. An Uzbek woman of the 21st century is a completely different type. This trend has especially intensified with the advent of modern technology. She has not only duties, but also the rights enshrined in law, she is actively involved in the activities of socio-political life. Strengthening the role and status of women in state and public construction is one of the main state priorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Modern state policy of the country is aimed at implementing the principle of equal rights and freedoms, creating equal opportunities for women and men in accordance with the Constitution of