VISUAL COGNITIVE VERBS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEMANTICS, CULTURE, AND PERCEPTION

Аннотация

This article presents a comparative analysis of visual cognitive verbs in Uzbek and English. The visual cognitive function of verbs reflects similarities and differences in how people perceive the world and their mental representations of it. The article examines commonly used sight-related verbs in both languages, focusing on their semantic characteristics, contextual usage, and cultural aspects. Key words: verb, cognitive linguistics, Uzbek, English, comparative analysis Аннотация: В данной статье представлен сравнительный анализ зрительных когнитивных глаголов в узбекском и английском языках. Зрительная когнитивная функция глаголов отражает сходства и различия в том, как люди воспринимают мир и их умственные представления о нем. В статье рассматриваются часто используемые глаголы, связанные со зрением, в обоих языках, с акцентом на их семантические характеристики, контекстуальное использование и культурные аспекты. Ключевые слова: глагол, когнитивная лингвистика, узбекский, английский, сравнение Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi vizual kognitiv fe’llarning qiyosiy tahlili keltirilgan. Fe’llarning vizual kognitiv funktsiyasi odamlarning dunyoni qabul qilishlari va u haqidagi aqliy tasavvurlari o‘rtasidagi o‘xshashliklar va farqlarni aks ettiradi. Maqolada har ikkala tilda keng qo‘llaniladigan ko‘rishga oid fe’llar tahlil qilinadi, ularning semantik xususiyatlari, kontekstual qo‘llanilishi va madaniy jihatlariga e’tibor qaratiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: fe’l, kognitiv lingvistika, o‘zbek, ingliz, taqqoslash Cognitive verbs denote a specific situation or process, reflecting cognitive processes such as knowing, thinking, and understanding. These verbs can be divided into the following categories: Intellectual verbs – Verbs like "to think," "to know," and "to understand" that represent mental activities. Emotional cognitive verbs – Verbs like "to love," "to fear," and "to rejoice," which convey emotional states. 52 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Perceptual verbs – Verbs like "to see," "to hear," and "to sense," which denote processes perceived through sensory organs. This classification enables analysis of how cognitive verbs express various processes in language. In contemporary linguistics, cognitive linguistics has gained increasing significance. Verbs hold a special place as linguistic tools that reflect human perception and knowledge of the world. Visual cognitive verbs are particularly important, as they play a vital role in how individuals perceive and analyze the world around them. Through visual cognitive verbs, people not only see external objects but also process and interpret them in specific ways. 1. General Characteristics of Visual Cognitive Verbs in Uzbek and English In both Uzbek and English, visual perception verbs – such as "see," "look," and "notice" in English, and "ko‘rmoq" (to see), "qaramoq" (to look), and "sezmoq" (to notice) in Uzbek – are linked to human perception and are often situated within overlapping semantic fields. These verbs reveal similarities and differences in the way each language conceptualizes and expresses perception of the world. 2. Semantic Characteristics of Visual Cognitive Verbs Visual cognitive verbs in Uzbek and English are rich in multiple meanings. For instance, the English verb "to see" means not only "to look" but also "to understand" or "to perceive." In Uzbek, the verb "ko‘rmoq" similarly extends to metaphorical use, encompassing broader meanings like understanding and realization. Meanwhile, the English verb "to look" often implies directing attention to a particular point and resembles the meaning of the Uzbek "qaramoq." However, "to look" in English is also used more broadly to convey drawing attention or making decisions, giving it a broader application than its Uzbek equivalent. 3. Influence of Cultural Aspects Culture greatly influences the development of meanings within a language. In Uzbek, the cultural-semantic aspects of visual cognitive verbs are often tied to societal traditions and values. For example, expressions like "ko‘z yoshi" (tears) or "ko‘zi ochilmoq" (to realize or be enlightened) reveal emotional states and worldview. In English, expressions such as "eye-opener" are similarly linked to cultural contexts. Through these idioms, differences in worldview between the two languages become evident. 4. Comparative Analysis and Conclusion 53 CURRENT APPROACHES AND NEW RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Analyzing visual cognitive verbs in Uzbek and English reveals both commonalities and distinctions between the two languages. Visual cognitive verbs in English are often polysemous and used in a wide range of contexts. In Uzbek, however, the semantic characteristics of these verbs are closely tied to cultural contexts and are often used to express emotions or mental states. This article aims to enhance our understanding of ho