"Literary-the art"

Аннотация

The article analyzes the concepts and ideas on the topic of "Literature - the art of speech" and focuses on some issues. Keywords: folklore, literature, proverbs, legends, epics, poems, laments Literature is also a unique expression of the life of the people and society. It depicts significant changes in the history of society in a variety of artistic forms through a variety of images. Accordingly, the works created before the VIII century AD reflect the traditions and beliefs of our ancient ancestors, and in recent times, the harmony with the teachings of Islam has increased. In particular, the appearance of mysticism in the literature developed in connection with the dramatic changes in the life of society. The heroic struggle of our ancestors against foreign invaders is well known from historical sources. This is very vividly reflected in the legends of "Tomaris" and "Shirak". The struggle of the Turkic peoples against the Tabgachs is very impressive in the monuments of Orkhon-Enasay. In Mahmud Kashgari's Devon-u lug'otit-turk, it is not difficult to see the expression of the various occupations, customs, lifestyles, beliefs and interests of the ancient ancestors. Our people have always dreamed and strived for their children to be healthy, intelligent, wise, hardworking and patriotic. This is the case in ancient songs, proverbs, legends, epics, poems and even mourning, as well as in the works of Yusuf Khas Hajib, Ahmad Yugnaki, Ahmad Yassavi, Rabguzi, Sayfi Sarayi, Khorezmi, Haydar Khorezmi, Atoi, Sakkoki, Gadoi, Lutfi and others. cases are reflected. Uzbek literature, like the Uzbek people themselves, has a very rich, ancient history. It has its own way of formation and development, the laws of development. In order to feel, understand and generalize this, it is necessary to study its history carefully. The history of literature provides information about the development processes of the art of speech, the representatives of the classics. Uzbeks are one of the many generations of the ancient Turkic peoples. In other words, our ancient ancestors were called Turks. Accordingly, the literature created in the period from the earliest times to the XI-XII centuries is called in science the ancient Turkic literature. Our ancient ancestors lived in Bactria, Sogdiana, Khorezm, Parthia, Margiyana, Chach, Parkana (Fergana) and other places. According to Greek and Iranian sources, the inhabitants were called Sogdians, 190 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) Khorezmians, Parthians, Margians, Chachs, Massagets, Sak (Shak) and Parkans. Around Altai, present-day Siberia was also a major settlement for the Turks. The peoples mentioned in the sources as the Huns are also the ancient ancestors of the Turks. Our ancestors at various times believed in fire worship, Christianity (Christianity), Buddhism, Manichaeism (Monism) and Islam. They created universal nanos of art, especially artistic creation. It is known that the basis of literature begins with the oral tradition of the people. "Tomaris" and "Shirak" are masterpieces of oral creation created by the Turkic peoples who lived in the prehistoric times. Other examples of oral art that appeared in the V-VIII centuries AD: fairy tales, songs, laments, legends, myths, proverbs through the work of Mahmud Kashgari "Devon-u lug'otit-turk" (1072). arrived and are still revered as rare specimens. Through them one can observe the emergence and perfection of many literary genres. The first examples of Turkish written literature that have come down to us are related to the Orkhon-Enasay inscriptions. These monuments were created in the VI-VIII centuries AD. They are valuable as the first historical- artistic works. In the following centuries, our literature gained a rich experience. During this period, the first major written epic in the Turkic language - Yusuf Khos Hajib's "Kutadgu bilig" ("Knowledge leading to happiness") (1069-1070) appeared. It was started by Yusuf Khas Hajib. The tradition of epic poetry was later continued in the works of poets and writers such as Ahmad Yugnaki, Sayfi Sarayi, Qutb Khorezmi, Haydar Khorezmi, Navoi. The history of such genres in Uzbek literature as quartet, rubai, tuyuk, murabba, ghazal, qasida, masnavi, noma is also formed in ancient times. Yusuf Khas Hajib, Ahmad Yassavi, Ahmad Yugnakiy, Khorezmi. Our poets such as Sayfi Sarayi, Atoi, Gadoi, Sakkoki, Lutfi have made a great contribution to the development of these genres. The history of Uzbek prose dates back to ancient times. The original text of such narrations as "Shirak" and "Tomaris" has not been preserved. They have come down to us through the works of Greek historians. There are traces of prose in the monuments of Orkhon-Enasay. Taijima works such as "Golden Light" are also written in prose. Undoubtedly, Nosiruddin Rabguzi (XIII-XIV centuries) has a special place in this field. It can be said that he brought Uzbek prose to its peak in his time with Qissas ul-A