Morphometric signs of copper bees under the conditions of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

the results of a morphometric analysis of honey bees in Uzbekistan are presented. The different nature of the seasonal variability of the exterior signs of honey bees in different zones of the Tashkent region, the influence on their manifestation of external environmental conditions was studied. Keywords: morphometric analysis, cubital index, torsal index, width, wing length, proboscis length, mass of working bees, working bee, front wings, hind wings. The relevance of the work. Carpathian bees won the sympathy of many beekeepers and began to be massively used in apiaries of the Republic of Uzbekistan. There are several factors which contributed to this case. Firstly, high market demand, secondly, the ability to efficiently breed, and thirdly, high honey productivity compared to local bees. Carpathian bees bred in our country come from the mountainous regions of Transcarpathia. Annually, about 1,500 fetal pedigree queens of the Carpathian breed of the 77th line, mainly pedigree apiaries of V. A. Gaidar from the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine, enter the Republic of Uzbekistan, especially the Ferghana Valley [1]. In this regard, the question of studying various aspects of the vital activity of bees of this breed, especially seasonal variability, is an acute issue. Recently, the natural conditions affecting the life of bee colonies has undergone a significant change under the influence of humans. Bees often do not have time to adapt to them, and as a result, local breeds are less adapted to climate variability than imported ones [2]. A.N. Melnichenko (1978), V. G. Kashkovsky (1989), believe that during the acclimatization of animals, first of all, behavior changes, and then the exterior [3]. In this connection, for the purpose of work, it was to study the seasonal variability of morphometric characters of working individuals of Carpathian bees in conditions in the mountain and steppe zones of the Tashkent region. Research Methodology. In the steppe and mountain soil-landscape zone of the Tashkent region in the summer of 2018-2019, an analysis of the morphometric characteristics of working bees was carried out. For this, we selected two apiaries from the steppe Kibray district and the mountain Parkent district of Tashkent region. 43 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) The taxonomic affiliation of working bees was established according to the generally accepted method [4], 10 standard exterior features were measured: proboscis length, length and width of the front wing, length and width of the 3rd to 4th tergites, number of leads on the hind wing, and cubital index. The results were compared with the standard of the Carpathian breed - Apis mellifera carpatica. Bee samples were taken from 10 families in the mountain apiary and from 10 families in the steppe apiary. 50 bees were selected, they were fixed with boiling water, and then they were stored in 70% alcohol. A total of 700 bees were examined. The data obtained were compared according to the method of V. A. Gubin (1976) morphological signs of Carpathian bees [5]. Processing of samples was carried out in the laboratory "Beekeeping" of the scientific research institute of livestock and poultry of the Republic of Uzbekistan. MBS-10 binocular microscope was used to measure the samples; statistical data processing was performed in the Microsoft EXCEL - 2007 program. The results of the study. We were able to trace the difference between the bees of the mountain and steppe zones, as well as the seasonal variability of the exterior features within each group. The comparison was carried out with bees grown in the mountain and steppe zones in the summer. The results of morphometric measurements of working bees in the mountain and steppe zones of the Tashkent region are shown in the table. Table 1 The results of morphometric measurements of working bees in the mountain and steppe zone of the Tashkent region Carpathian Regions Signs breed standard Mountain Parkent Steppe Kybray M±m C , % M±m C , % v v Proboscis length, 6,6-7,0 6,73±0,02 2,13 6,72±0,01 2,35 mm Front wing length, 9,6-10.0 9,7±0,04 9,6±0,03 mm Front wing width, 3,2-3,5 3,18±0,03 3,08±0,01 mm Cubital index,% 2,3-3,0 46,6±0,49 12,36 45,7±0,39 12,26 (45-50%) The number of 19-22 21,27±0,16 7,6 21,38±0,19 8,2 leads on the rear wing, pcs 44 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) The length of the 2,2-2,5 2,48±0,01 1,15 2,52±0,02 1,16 3rd tergite, mm Width of 3rd 4,4-5,1 4,85±0,01 3,55 4,77±0,01 3,09 tergite, mm The length of the 2,1-2,4 2,09±0,01 1,10 2,20±0,02 1,11 4th tergite, mm Width of 4th 4,3-5,0 4,50±0,02 3,01 4,55±0,021 3,12 tergite, mm Weight, mg 104-110 109,2±1,12 107,1±1,09 Discoidal No less mixing,% than 85 90 82 Typically 95-100 According to the data, it can be seen that in bees growing in the mountain zone in summer, the proboscis length was 6.73 mm, the wing size was 9.7-3.18 mm, the size of the third tergite was 2.48-4.85, the discoid displaceme