LABORATORY AND FIELD FERTILITY OF RICE VARIETIES SEEDS

Аннотация

Under laboratory conditions, seed germination and grass strength is much higher. Sowing seeds affect the temperature of water and air. At low temperatures, seeds slowly absorb water, causing the seeds to fall from the cornea and slowdown the growth process. The seeds are sown at the beginning of the process, and their wheat flourishes, occasionally sprouting grass. However, sowing seeds early will lead to relatively high yields. This is explained in such a way that every plant that grows from seeds that grows in the early stages is particularly productive, resulting in a volume of space in the field. Sowing grain at night results in poor performance. Thisis mainly duetoadverse weather conditions. Keywords: rice, germination, thermostat, sowing date, temperature, variety, seed, grain, petri dish,percentage, sowing rate. Introduction. The world's population consumed 78% of the total rice production in 2014. Rice is the staple food for more than 3.5 billion people. Therefore, experts predict that rice consumption will not decline in the future, especially in Africa and Asia. According to data from 2016-2017, approximately 144 million tons of rice were consumed by the Chinese population. According to medical standards, the per capita consumption of rice is 54.2 kg per year, but in practice this figure is 53.7kg..1 As a result of the reforms carried out in the agrarian sector in our republic, comprehensive measures are being taken to introduce resource-saving technologies in farming, reduce cotton areas and grow rice as the main and repeated crop, and establish rice seed production in each region, expand the cultivated areas and continuously provide the population with this product. However, not enough attention has been paid to scientific research on determining optimal plantingdates and standards fornewly created rice varieties. Based on the above, laboratory and field experiments were conducted to study the effect of seed germination onthegrowth and yield ofrice varieties. The life stages of a rice plant, like other annual cereals, are characterized by changes in growth and development that occur in a series of sequential stages. These changes are observed in a complex relationship with the age of the plant and the processes that occur with the formation of organs [4,-27 p.] After sowing the seed, under the conditions of a certain sequence of temperature, humidity, and the presence of an optimal amount of mineral nutrients and other factors in the soil, the rice plant goes through a number of successive stages. During the same period, various organs that 1www.statista.com https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 185 determine the productivity of the plant are formed. The growing season and the duration of each stage, as well as the varietal characteristics of the plant, are closely related to the climatic conditions of the spring-summer-autumn periods. The more favorable the conditions for the growth and development of the plant, the longer it grows and passes all its life stages in a normal state. On the contrary, when unfavorable conditions occur, the plant quickly completes each stage of development, that is, the duration of each stage is short and the yield indicators are low [1,-43 p.] In the research conducted by the breeder scientist T.E. Isakov at the Uzbekistan Rice Research Institute in 1971, the laboratory and field fertility of the "UzROS-7-13" variety was determined to be 58 percent, while in the control variant, the planting rate (200 kg, 350 kg, 500 kg) led to a decreasein thevariants with an increased yield of46-50 percent [6,-70 p.] T.V. Ivanov [3, -229 p.] In his experiments conducted in 2005-2007, it was observed that the field fertility of varieties varied depending on the planting rate, and in 4 million (up to 35.6-38.8 percent)in 5million (up to 34.5-36.6 percent), 6million (up to 33.4-34.3percent)[2, -54-55 p.]. In scientific research conducted by scientists of the Uzbek Rice Research Institute in 1973-1974, data were provided that the field germination of rice was 32-58% [5, -73 p.]. The germination rate of seeds in field conditions is much lower than in laboratory conditions. This indicator depends on the quality of the seeds, soil temperature and humidity at the time of sowing, seed sowingdepth, and agricultural technology. Monitoring the growth and development of rice plants, assessing the early maturity of different varieties and hybrids, conducting technological processes taking into account the growth period between phases, the dynamics of stem growth, the timing of dry mass accumulation and harvesting for grain allows you to draw upacalendar planfor thestudy. When the germination of seeds is low, it is necessary to determine their viability (for a short time). This method is used for seeds that germinate slowly, and when germination is determined by simple methods, the seeds remain dormant. Various dyes are used to determine viability - tetrazole, indigo carmine or f