PROCESSES AND STAGES OF THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN TOURISMPROCESSES AND STAGES OF THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN TOURISM

Аннотация

The tourism services sector is an important strategic direction for the development of the regions of the national economy, and is considered a sector that has the potential to positively influence all its sectors. The author describes the past, present, processes and stages of the emergence of modern tourism in the article. Key words: tourism, service, tourist, tourist, trade, religious trips, science, treatment, transport, hotel, catering, excursionist, historical and cultural monuments, nature conservation, generation, international tourism, geography, “Great Silk Road”, globalization. Annotatsiya. Turizm xizmatlari sohasi milliy iqtisodiyotning mintaqalarini rivojlantirish uchun muhim strategik yo‘nalish bo‘lib, uning barcha sohalariga o‘zining ijobiy ta’sir etish imkoniyatiga ega tarmoq hisoblanadi. Muallif maqolada zamonaviy turizmning o‘tmishi, buguni, vujudga kelishi jarayonlari va bosqichlarini bayon etgan . Kalit so‘zlar: turizm, xizmat, sayyoh, turist, savdo-sotiq, diniy safarlar, ilm, davolanish, transport, mehmonxona, ovqatlanish, ekskursant, tarixiy-madaniy obidalar, tabiatni saqlash, avlod, xalqaro turizm, geografiya, “Buyuk Ipak Yo‘li”, globallashuv. Аннотация. Сфера туристических услуг является важным стратегическим направлением развития регионов национальной экономики и это отрасль обладающая способностью оказывать положительное влияние на все ее отрасли. В статье автор описал прошлое, настоящее процессы формирование и этапы современного туризма. Ключевые слова: туризм, сервис, турист, турист, торговля, религиозные поездки, наука, лечение, транспорт, гостиница, питание, экскурсант, памятники истории и культуры, охрана природы, поколение, международный туризм, география, “Великий шелковый путь”, глобализация. Introduction. When we analyze and study the processes of tourism development, it becomes clear that it has gone through several stages in its 131 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference development and has long been the main tool in people's lives to learn about the world. The first period of tourism or tourism dates back to ancient times. The movement of people from one place to another is often associated with trade, the desire to see and understand the world around them, gaining knowledge, studying, religious and recreational factors. According to ancient sources, two thousand years ago (before our era), tourism, entertainment and recreation were a common occurrence in the lives of Egyptians. Analysis and results. According to the data, one of the oldest tourist centers in the world is the Oceania region, located in the Asia-Pacific tourist region. The inhabitants living there traveled in small, simple boats to the Micronesia and Central (Pacific) islands of Southeast Asia, the Tuamotu archipelago (group of islands). 500 years before our era, Polynesians sailed 2 thousand miles across the ocean to the Hawaiian Islands (Pacific Ocean). They used the sun, stars, clouds and the movement of birds to reach their destination during their journey. The most important problem for them during the journey was drinking water and food. One of the most developed centers of ancient tourism is considered to be countries located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, such as Greece, Italy, France, Spain, Egypt, Tunisia. The inhabitants of the sea coasts went on long sea voyages for trade, religious pilgrimages, education, treatment, and exploration of new territories. There is a lot of information about this, some of which has survived to this day. For example, in Greece, scientists such as Herodotus in the 5th century BC and Pytheas in the 4th century BC went on voyages to explore other countries. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus visited not only Egypt, but also many countries of the East, including Libya, Babylonia, Assyria, Asia Minor, and even the northern coast of the Black Sea. He described his travel impressions in his nine-volume work "History"[1]. Ancient China was also one of the highly civilized countries during this period. Chinese travelers, scientists, wrote down a lot of geographical information (manuscripts) about rivers, seas, and mountains. The Chinese ambassador Zhang San went on a journey in the 2nd century BC and collected information of great practical importance. The routes he traveled later became the basis for the "Great Silk Road". The ancient Roman Empire is a country that made a great contribution to the development of tourism. Factors such as the establishment of a strong 132 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference empire here, wealth, abundance, the size of its territory, and its location on the sea coast were considered necessary for the development of tourism. The Romans built an amazing network of roads at that time. Horse riding up to 100 miles per day, visiting temples, etc. were performed. In ancient times, the development of tourism was very comp