THE IDEOLOGY OF THE RELIGIOUS SYSTEM OF THE ANCIENT HETT STATE

Аннотация

This article discusses the impact of the religious system on social ideology and political processes in the ancient Hittite state, which has left its mark on human history. Keywords: Hittite religion, Arinna, Hittite gods, Teshub, Puduhepa, Varna, pantheon, logogram. The Hittite civilization was the result of centuries of coexistence of several ethnic groups and their union with each other through blood ties. Prior to the formation of the Hittite state, the Assyrians and the Armorites first had their colonies in Asia Minor, especially in Chatal-Huk, one of the ancient cities (6500-5500 BC). Later, much of Asia Minor fell to the Hittites. Over time, the Hittites first came under the influence of Babylon. Especially at a time when the sphere of influence was expanding, they assimilated important elements of the culture of the Indo-European population living in Mesopotamia and northern Syria. Finally, mil.avv. In the 15th and 13th centuries, the Hittites were strongly influenced by the Hurrians and the Libyans. All this led to the syncretic appearance of the Hittite religion. it is often very difficult to group the religious ideas and rituals of a particular community into a coherent system. Often these rituals and beliefs have emerged over centuries, sometimes millennia, as a result of external 183 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) influences or internal socio-economic changes. will come. In this process, any changes and additions, sometimes contradictory customs of the external observer, and exceptions to the activities of the gods, were also observed. Similarly, the roots of the Hittite religion go back to the Stone Age, and countless changes and additions from the second millennium BC to the eighth century BC formed the "official" religion and pantheon by the Hittite theologians. In the state, religion reflected the union of local and foreign ideologies. There were separate prayer centers for each nation. The result is an astonishing number of divine names, and even if the god is not identified by a name but by a logogram (with a symbol or shape) representing the god of nature, the sun god, the moon god, etc., the god of each city is worshiped by Hittite theologians. seems to have been accepted as a peculiar person. There are even special weather gods, such as the god of lightning, the god of clouds, the god of rain, the god of palace weather, the god of the weather of the army, and the gods. And each of these gods had special qualities. For us, these are simply manifestations or aspects of divinity, and this is reflected, to a certain extent, in the pattern of religious symbolism, in iconography, as in the previous period, in which there is a clearly defined and limited number of divinity. types. Often the gods are depicted as symbols in temples and in various work tools. An example of this is the carvings on the walls near the Bosphorus. There are many similar reliefs on the borders of the Hittite state. As we have seen, this is based on the formation of poletism. In every settlement in the Hittite state, mainly o, which depends on the agricultural cycle. There was a god, a center of worship, mythology, and a calendar of holidays. In addition, each settlement, of course, had its own doctors and priests. Territorial and religious freedom was also reflected in the pantheon. The worship of gods such as Assyria, Babylon, Sumer, Mitanni, and even Mitra, Varna, and Indra has come down to us through certain sources. As in many other parts of the world, the ancient religion of Asia Minor seeks to establish a link between humans and the forces of nature. Undoubtedly, the most important of these was the earth, the mother goddess Arinna (in Hittite Vurusem). This deity was praised as the queen of the country, the queen of Heaven and Earth, the patron saint of the kings and queens of the Hittite country. ”According to Hittite sources, this goddess also came with the names Ma, Kibele, Rhea. Arinna or Arinniti is said to have betrayed Mursili II at the end of the 14th century BC. According to Hittite sources, Arinna's wife is another of the chief deities. Teshub is also mentioned. This god is the god of thunder, he is depicted as a warrior holding an ax in one hand. This god also comes with the names Tara in Hurrian and Tarhuntas in Luvian. The children of these two couples are Nerik, Telepinu, and their daughters. Mezulla, Hulla, and his grandson Zintuxi are also depicted. Also, the god of 184 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) hunting, the double-headed eagle, which is common in Hittite monuments, is a symbol of rabbit hunting. in Kurunda (Runda, Tuvatu) coming from tida; The goddess of war, Zababa, who also appears in Mesopotamian sources, and Hattusali III, who knew himself as a protector, the names of Ishtar (Shaushka), the goddess of war and love, and Hannahanna, the goddess of destiny, are also mentioned. worshiped certain gods in one act. In the images of