Идиомы хлеба в отражении узбекской и британской истории и культуры

Аннотация

The main actuality of this article is that phraseological units with “bread” components reflected by history and culture have not been studied yet. The main purpose of this article is to study bread idioms as well as their origin and historical and cultural value. In this article, idioms have been analyzed with etymological units, and it reveals their unique charm. Keywords and expressions: idioms, lexicology, phraseology, unit, history, culture. Аннотация. Ушбу мақоланинг ҳозирги кунда долзарблиги шундаки, фразеологизмла- рнинг “нон” компонентлари билан боғлиқ хусусиятлари халқларнинг тарихи ҳамда ма- данияти билан боғланган ҳолда ҳали ўрганилмаган. Мақоланинг мақсади инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида “нон” компонентлари билан тасвирланган фразеологик бирикмаларни қиёсий ўрганиш билан биргаликда уларнинг келиб чиқиши қайси даврга ва ҳодисага боғлиқлигини таҳлил қилишдир. Мазкур мақолада “нон” компонентли иборалар этимологик тоифа- ларга бўлиб кўриб чиқилди. Бу уларнинг ўзига хос хусусиятларини намоён қилaди. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: иборалар, лексикология, фразеология, термин, тарих, маданият. Аннотация. Данная статья актуальна на сегодняшний день, так как является первой попыткой сопоставительного изучения истории и культуры английских и узбекских параллелей фразеологизмов с компонентом «хлеб». В данной статье осу- ществляется распределение фразеологизмов по этимологическим разрядам, это дает возможность выявить специфику фразеологизмов с компонентом «хлеб». Опорные слова и выражения: идиомы, лексикология, фразеологизм, термин, история, культура. Uzbek nation had a great impact on the development of language as well as Britain. The establishment of Uzbek lexicology as a scholarly field can be traced back to the XI century, the century when it was created well known novel “Devonu lug’otut turk” (Turkish dictionary) by Mahmud Qoshgariy. Given dictionary included not only the sense of the words but also contained all information about Turkish history, customs, and geographic location. One of our famous writers Mahmud Zamahshariy had also an enormous contribution to the development of Uzbek theoretical and practical lexicology with his novel “Asos ul baloga” and dictionary which includes 4 languages (Arabic, Persian, Uzbek, Mongol). However, the spread of Uzbek lexicology throughout the world continued with famous fairytales like “Tumaris”, “Shiroq”, “Hero” and novels like “Alpomish”, “Gurugli” etc.1 In contrast, the origin of English bilingual lists can be traced to a practice of the early middle ages that of writing interlines glossaries – explanations of difficult words – in manuscripts. Some of them survived from 7th and 8th centuries. However, there is no doubt that 1 Шомақсудов Ш. Қайроқи сўзлар. – T.: Ўзбекистон, 2011 – Б. 3. 20 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2018, № 3 many words and phrases in English languages were written by Shakespeare, and he played a major role in the transformation of the English languages. His novels like “Elbow room”, “Henry V”, “Romeo and Juliet” gave birth to the thousands of new phrases and idioms. All these masterpieces had a great influence on Uzbek and English phra- seology which are rich in idioms and sayings. So, it is obviously seen that formal history of Uzbek and English studies development as an academic discipline numbers several decades. This article intends to reveal an intimate tie between phraseology and history; Perhaps the most obvious demonstration of this relationship will come from identification and analysis of those idioms which reflect Uzbek and British history or rather there culture of this or that historic period. By analyzing idioms many philologists draw attention to the fact that they can more easily and precisely than other language units cumulate and store facts about the past, cultural semantics of a nation, traditions, customs, folklore, etc. because of the so called "cumulative" function of a language. The element which renders the information is called "national-cultural component". According to F. I. Bus- layev, phraseology is a small world where all standards and principles of morality have been inherited from ancestors. It is a life of national language which emphasizes a unique manner of any nation. It is easy to notice a cultural “sign” of any nation in aspects of phraseology. In phraseology each component symbolizes particular meaning; they have their own culture, history and origin. One of the most valuable and plausible components which can clearly illustrate the evolution of ancient people and their culture is “bread”. In English linguistics “bread” often symbolizes money and hope to the good future. Idioms like (one's) daily bread and to earn one’s bread emphasize one’s means of living, food and money. In old times people lived in hard conditions and most of them died of starvation and bread was their only source of living. Uzbek people also value bread and compare it with gold, sun and life. A similar definition was giv