THE ROLE OF USING PHRASAL VERBS IN MODERN METHODOLOGY

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the role of using phrasal verbs in modern English. The author examines the main features of phrasal verbs, their functioning in speech both at the everyday and professional level. Key words: phrasal verbs, methodology, English, written speech, oral speech Serious knowledge of modern English is impossible without confident command of phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb with a postposition (adverbial or prepositional particle), resulting in the appearance of a single semantic unit, usually with several lexical meanings. This group of verbs is a unique, complex, rather extensive and least studied section of the English vocabulary, widely used, as is commonly believed, in everyday colloquial speech. In this regard, the goal of this study is important and relevant - to identify the difficulties that arise in mastering phrasal verbs, and to prove that these combinations function not only at the everyday level, but can also be a full- fledged part of the language of professional communication. To achieve this goal, it seems necessary to complete several research tasks: to highlight the main features of phrasal verbs that cause difficulties in learning English; to consider the lexical and semantic variants of phrasal verbs using modern phraseological dictionaries as an example; to find examples of professionally oriented phrasal verbs in modern English and try to explain the reasons for their appearance. Let's start with the fact that phrasal verbs are undoubtedly among the most commonly used verbs in everyday speech. It is impossible to imagine modern English without them. One of the features of phrasal verbs is that the meaning of the same verb can change beyond recognition or become completely opposite in combination with different postpositions. This suggests that the semantic relationships between the constituent parts of phrasal verbs are extremely important. So, let's turn to one of the phraseological dictionaries of modern English and see how the meaning of the verb to add changes with the prepositions on and up: Add on $ 2.50 for postage and packing; You have space enough at the back of the house to add a conservatory on later, if you decide to; You haven’t added the figures up correctly; I can’t think why she left so suddenly; it 167 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference doesn’t add up [3]. Thus, we can safely say that to add on and to add up are two verbs with completely different meanings. When considering the features of phrasal verbs, one cannot help but mention the polysemy of many of them. As an example, let's look at the verb to come along and its meanings: 1. I don’t think I’ll take that job; I’ll wait until something better comes along. 2. How’s our young trainee going along? 3. Come along now, ladies and gentlemen. It’s closing time [2]. Another feature of phrasal verbs is that they can be transitive and intransitive. For example: to call on is transitive, call in is intransitive. The problem in this case is that the same phrasal verb can be transitive in one meaning and intransitive in another. In addition to all of the above, phrasal verbs can be divisible, i.e. an object can be placed between the base verb and the postposition. For example: Don’t wake the children up. = Don’t wake up the children. But if the complement is expressed by a pronoun, then it must precede the postposition. For example: The children are asleep. Don’t wake them up. Indivisible phrasal verbs include all intransitive and some transitive verbs. For example: to go on is an intransitive, inseparable phrasal verb, to go into is a transitive, inseparable phrasal verb. There is no clear rule by which one can determine whether a particular phrasal verb is divisible or not; most often, one needs to turn to a dictionary for help. Note that conceptual inconsistencies between Russian and English, polysemy, diversity and idiomaticity of phrasal verbs lead to difficulties in their perception, understanding and use. The difficulty in mastering phrasal verbs is also caused by the fact that their number is steadily growing, and the frequency of their use is also increasing. This is not surprising, because phrasal verbs are characterized by mobility. Some phrasal verbs disappear, new ones appear, changing their meaning over time. The vocabulary of the English language is constantly being expanded, modernized, reflecting the changes taking place in the world and people's lives. Phrasal verbs adapt to new situations, acquiring a wide range of meanings related to the professional and social activities of people in different areas of communication. Such phrasal verbs, i.e. professionalisms, are found in the speech of representatives of certain professions. In addition to basic meanings, they acquire additional narrow meanings due to belonging to a certain discourse. So, let's consider for example the phrasal verb to clear up with the basic meaning "to