LINGUISTIC MODEL OF DOCTOR-PATIENT COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH

Аннотация

This article focuses on the analysis of spoken medical discourse within doctor-patient interactions, which many researchers view as a linguistic model. The doctor-patient relationship remains a pressing issue in contemporary society. A key goal of medical discourse is to establish effective communication between doctor and patient, enabling the identification of the illness, selection of appropriate treatment, and clear explanation of medical procedures using accessible language. Key words: medical discourse, speech of the doctor, communication, medical language, verbal behavior, relationship, society, linguistic theory Introduction. The interaction between language and society remains a significant area of interest for philologists. Factors such as globalization, migration, and societal shifts have greatly influenced how languages function. These global changes have also affected communication across various fields, including the medical domain. In contemporary research, discourse has become a subject of interdisciplinary investigation. Alongside linguistics, many other fields contribute to the study of discourse, each offering its own unique perspective and methodology. A review of scholarly literature reveals numerous references to the term “discourse,” each with distinct interpretations. There are many definitions of discourse. For instance, the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary defines “discourse” (from the French discours and English discourse, meaning movement or conversation) as speech influenced by pragmatic, sociocultural, psychological, and other factors; it is viewed as text in a situational context and as intentional social action involved in human interaction and cognitive processes. In essence, discourse is speech embedded in real life. Similarly, the Newest Philosophical Dictionary describes discourse, in a broad sense, as a complex combination of language use and external factors required for interpreting a text—factors that include the communicators, their intentions and goals, and the conditions under which the message is created and received. Material and methods. In recent years, medical discourse has drawn the interest of numerous researchers, including V.I. Karasik, V.V. Zhura, S.I. Madzhaeva, M.I. Barsukova, M.A. Makarova, and others. In their studies, these scholars examine medical discourse as a linguistic model and categorize it as a 90 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference form of institutional discourse, where the roles of the communicators—namely, “doctor” and “patient”—are clearly defined, and the primary goal is the provision of medical care [3]. They also view medical discourse as a type of scientific discourse, where the participants are researchers or medical professionals, and the aim is to share new scientific knowledge and address challenges across various areas of medicine, including patient treatment. Results and discussion. Medical communication involves both verbal and non-verbal elements, each with specific pragmatic characteristics. These elements are used in healthcare settings to fulfill the purposes of treatment and prevention [4]. A fundamental role of the doctor is to help the patient, which includes engaging in dialogue to diagnose the illness, initiate treatment, and provide guidance on maintaining health. Following S.I.Madzhaeva’s viewpoint, the concept of a "doctor" can be understood as encompassing a range of professional tasks, the specialized vocabulary that conveys medical knowledge, and the terminology used within specific medical fields, both standardized and emerging through actual communication [5]. Researchers studying doctor-patient interaction view it as a linguistic model that includes patterns of speech behavior. Speech activity is goal-oriented and proceeds through several stages: orientation, planning, execution, and monitoring. It is a structured process involving the production and interpretation of speech, enabling the exchange of information. Since the primary function of communication is to share information, it naturally involves the transmission and understanding of meaning, with individuals generally aiming to be clearly understood. Communication—whether verbal or non- verbal—serves various functions such as giving warnings, offering advice, informing, persuading, expressing emotions, and entertaining [6]. Perception, a fundamental mental function, plays a key role in cognition. It is a complex mechanism by which the brain receives and processes sensory input, creating a holistic subjective image based on stimuli. All mental processes—including attention, imagination, memory, and thinking—contribute to the perception of information. For information to be effectively absorbed, it must be understood and consciously processed. Perception acts as a bridge between new information and cognitive awareness. Accurate perception is especially crucial in doctor-patient communication. Perception can tak