On the grammatical compensation in the translation of national color in the works of I. Yusupov

Аннотация

This article is devoted by making thorough use of the lexical richness of the Karakalpak language, it would not be an exaggeration to say that I. Yusupov played a crucial role in shaping the literary language of Karakalpak, which holds special significance for the entire Karakalpak culture. In this regard, both his poetry and prose works are of particular importance. Key words: translation technique, grammatical compensation, literary translation, portray the Karakalpak people, great heroes like Alpamys. In the course of the research, it was observed that translators often prefer to convey units that reflect national color in the original text through neutral lexis. However, the unique characteristics of the work are conveyed through other methods. In most cases, they use the method of grammatical compensation. Grammatical compensation is a translation technique in which a part of the content lost during the translation process is conveyed through other means in the translation text. It is not necessary to transfer the unit in the form of the original language. National color and expressiveness are often conveyed through various grammatical structures. R.K. Rzaeva, in discussing issues related to literary translation, showed a tendency to apply specific methods when translating I. Yusupov's works into English. For example, in "Tumaris," when translating the phrase "Девушка, как солнце!" the translator uses stable word structures typical of heroes: 1. The Sun’s daughter Tomiris, my queen! Such compensation is appropriate because the phrase "Девушка, как солнце" in the original text suggests a pleasant, heroic, and courageous image of a queen who never surrendered to her enemies. Using this phrase, the translator creates a similar image, which can be considered orderly and successful. Another example of compensation through word structures typical of I. Yusupov’s works can be seen in the poem "Ana tilime-19" by the poet. The original line conveys that the poet’s native language is ancient and rich with wisdom. In Rzaeva’s translation, the following lines appear: You are a perennial tree with leaves, Grown from the old root each, Your eloquence is without a hitch. 272 When Karakalpaks sing a song, Like a happy nightingale, From your treasury you give them All the words, necessary and gay. The poet here uses a metaphor of the “Высокое дерево” tree to symbolize the country’s historical roots, strong foundations, and aspirations for future development. Rzaeva, in her translation, also describes the “Высокое дерево” as a "perennial tree" and emphasizes the notion of a lasting, robust symbol of the country. There are also many other instances where national imagery is preserved through similar compensation in translation. For example, the translation of folk proverbs and expressions is handled with care. In the example, "С моей помощью делаешь всё правильно" was translated as: Women made Khans do things Your proverbs are coined From the skimmed cream. Another example from the translation of folk wisdom: You always tell the truth You speak with voice, so sound You never lie and flatter loud When whispering, speaking quietly The ducks are scared of their calls are loud and mighty. In this case, the proverb "У каждого есть что-то своё" was translated as "Everyone has his Achilles’s heel in one’s place" to maintain the meaning and national character.[1.p115] The use of grammatical compensation in the translation of I. Yusupov’s works allows the translator to preserve the essence of the original text while making it accessible to the target language audience. [4] Such lines can often be found in literature. To provide another example from a story in popular folklore: "In one of the Karakalpak villages, there was a man who was very skilled in speech. He could convince anyone with his cleverness. This man’s reputation even reached the ears of the khan, and the khan decided to visit him to see this wonder for himself. From afar, the man saw the khan approaching, and as the khan reached the door, the man said, 'Even if you are the khan, you still need to pay a visit and leave something behind.' The khan hesitated but then entered and gave him something. The man, seeing the khan, said, 'Oh, khan, I didn’t realize it was you. Please, take back what you’ve brought.'” This piece of folklore illustrates the wisdom of the people and their ability to use speech skillfully, as the poet presents it in the following way: 3. “Through you, the khan is served I test your wisdom, adorned with pearls Women made Khans do things Your proverbs are coined From the skimmed cream.” By observing these lines, we see the skill of the poet. The poet also depicts the simple, honest, and unpretentious nature of the people with lines such as: 4. “If you speak the truth, you speak plainly If you are harsh, your voice will echo. 273 If you lie and deceive, you do not know If you stutter, even the geese will mock you.” These verses portray the Karakalpak