STUDY OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS OF JIZZAKH REGION

Аннотация

This article presents information about the study of historical and cultural monuments of the Jizzakh region after independence and the scientific activities of archaeologist-historians who researched cultural heritage sites. Keywords:archaeological site, cultural heritage, cemetery, urbanization,open leaflet. Jizzakh is one of the oldest cities in Uzbekistan, with references in many historical sources indicating its emergence as early as the first millennium BCE. The city, rich in history, traces the origins of its urbanization processes back to the Bronze Age. Archaeologist-historians continue their research to determine the city’s age and study the remnants of its historical monuments. The study of Jizzakh region’s historical and cultural monuments can be summarized as follows: In 1992, under the leadership of A.A. Gritsina, the Zomin detachment conducted archaeological research at Qo‘rg‘ontepa (O‘rdatepa), Jartepa, and Azlartepa (Azizoytepa) in Zomin district. Between mid-May and July 1993, the Zaamin unit of the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan continued its work under a business contract extended until the end of the year in cooperation with the administration of the Zaamin district of Jizzakh region. The main goal ofthe archaeological excavations was to study an ancient settlement in the Zaamin or Sarsanda area, as described by Arab geographers and historians. For this purpose, two excavations were carried out (the fourth and the fifth). This site remains the oldest known settlement in Zaamin (dating back to the 2nd–1st centuries BCE). Excavations also continued at Jartepa, located on the northern outskirts of Zaamin district center, where a medieval rabat existed in the 12th–early 13th centuries. Additionally, the site of Zaamin’s pottery masters was studied. Furthermore, detailed reconnaissance work was conducted in Zaamin and its surrounding areas. In the year 2000, as a result of exploration work carried out in the sand quarries of Chimqorgon village, Forish district, Jizzakh region, a stone core made from flint debris was discovered. Based on its manufacturing technique and raw material, this core is similar to the materials found at the Qo‘tirbuloq site. This discovery, first, indicates that the territories of Jizzakh region were also inhabited by Paleolithic people, and second, provides evidence of cultural and chronological similarities between them and the tribes of the Samarkand depression. Throughout all historical stages of our country’s rich past, Jizzakh region has played an important role in major historical processes. However, until recently, there was almost no information regarding the presence of Paleolithic people in this area. Recent research suggests page1580 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai that the ancient Stone Age cultures of Samarkand region also extended into the neighboring Jizzakhterritories. In May 2007, under the leadership of the Jizzakh regional administration, the Institute of Archaeology named after Y. Gulomov of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed an economic contract with “PUDRATCHI” (director Pidayev Sh.R.) in cooperation with the “Center for the Study of the Ancient History and Values of the Jizzakh Oasis” (headed by Nosirov O.N.) to implement the scientific project “Study of the Ancient and Medieval History of the Jizzakh Oasis”. A special expedition was organized at the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan to carry out this scientific project. The expedition team consisted of the following members: Pardayev M.H. (expedition leader), Gritsina A.A. (senior researcher), Suyunov S.S. (senior researcher), Pardayev A.H. (senior researcher), Toshboyev F.E. (researcher), Ubaydullayev I.H. (junior researcher), G‘ofurov J.I. (junior researcher), Hamroyev G‘.G‘. (junior researcher), Xolboyev Z.T. (junior researcher), and Axmedjonov N.A. (laboratory assistant). The materials obtained within the framework of this economic contract revealed several key findings. The project aimed to address not only the urban planning culture of the Jizzakh oasis but also broader issues of ancient and medieval history. Therefore, scientific excavations were planned at sites such as Qaliyatepa, Qizlartepa (Jizzakh), Qo‘rg‘ontepa (G‘allaorol), and ancient burial moundsin Baxmal and Zomin districts toshed light onvarious periods and aspects oftheregion’s history. The budget for the economic contract was set at 23.0 million soums (twenty-three million) for the year 2007. However, in practice, only 50% of this amount, i.e., 11.5 million soums, was transferred to the account of “PUDRATCHI.” As a result, the contractual obligations related to Baxmal districtremained unfulfilled. At the same time, the Jizzakh oasis served as a “relay” zone between