ABDURAUF FITRAT'S ROLE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE JADID ENLIGHTENMENT AND ITS HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Аннотация

Ushbu maqolada jadid ma’rifatparvarlari safida o’zining faol jadidchilik faoliyatini olib borgan Abdurauf Abdurahim o’g’li Fitratning ijodiy va siyosiy sohada olib borgan faoliyatlari va uning natijasida yuzaga kelgan siyosiy holat va boshqa voqea – hodisalar haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Shuningdek, Fitratning Istanbulda o’qish jarayoni, turli xil shaharlardagi ya’ni Buxoro, Saarqand, Toshkent va boshqa joylardagi faoliyati hamda eng asosiysi “Yosh buxoroliklar” harakatidagi faoliyat jarayonlariga ham alohidato’xtalib o’tilgan. Kalit so’zlar: Abdurauf Fitrat, Yosh buxoroliklar, Abdurahim, Bibijon, “Sayha”, A.Burxonov, Fayzulla Xo’jayev, “Hurriyat”, ”Sharq siyosati”, “Yig’la islom”, Turkiston, “Qiyomat”, ‘Shaytonning Tangriga isyoni”,“Ilohiy komediya”,“Abulfayzxon”fojiasi. Prominent poet, scholar, playwright, teacher and enlightener Abdurauf Fitrat's work in the jadidism movement takes a significant place. It is a rather difficult matter to imagine the history of Uzbek literature, including the history of literature of the 20s, without a Fitrat. Abdurauf Abdurahim's son was born in Bukhara on 4 October 1886. His father, Abdurahim, was a merchant. Fitrat's mother, Mustaf bibi, was a very precocious woman who was largely involved in the education and upbringing of her children herself. Influenced by his mother, Abdurauf developed a growing interest in poetry, approaching the artistic world from early childhood. Abdurauf Abdurahim is considered the literary pseudonym of his son, Photratus, and the lexical meaning of this word means innate talent, the ability of the Creator given to a person by God. "After an old-fashioned school, Fitrat studied in the madrasas ofBukhara, Istanbul, durilfununlar, learning Arabic, Persian, Turkish perfectly. Adib's father was engaged in Mercantile pursuits, page1003 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue03,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai mainly under the tutelage of his mother, Bibijan, A.He is fond of the works of Navoi, Fuzuli, Bedil, Umar Khayyam, Zebuniso, Uvaysi. Turkish life plays an important role in his fate. He is active in the “Bukharan Education MA'orifi Association, founded in Turkey, serving the improvement of thejadid method schools founded byBehbudi. His first collection was published in 1912 under the title “Sayha” (“cry”)."[. https://arxiv.uz Sahiti] Abdurauf Fitrat in 1909, with thehelpofthecharity oftheSociety, went to Turkey to study in Istanbul. Mahbuba, Fitra's sister, recalls that her younger brother Abdurahman (who at the time was acting as a letter picker at a printing house in Kagan) was helping his brother in terms of substance. In addition to his studies at Istanbul University, Fitrat also taught at the madrasa “Dorul-voizin” (preachers – lecturers) there. This madrasa was also engaged in training young people who wanted to study in Bukhara and Turkisotn. "B.In Kasimov's work, it is reported that Ghazi also studied with Scholar Yunosov at the “Dorul – voizin” madrasa in Istanbul for a time."[ Kasimov B. Maslakdosh. - Tashkent: East NMAK, 1994] when Fitrat returns to his hometown of Bukhara, usuli Jadid rushes to open schools and establish cultural life in Bukhara. Fitrat agrees with other jadid ma;rifatists to form the young bukharians party, chairing the faction committee A.Burhonov is elected. Fitrat, on the other hand, is appointed to the post of secretary-general. From 1915, Hagan “began to head the left wing of the young bukharians movement. During the period leading up to 1916, the Bukharan jadids were a unified and unified unit. They later split into two parts. While part of the jadids, led by Abdulvohid Burhonov, were merely cultural and enlightenment disseminators under the old regime, the other part of them, like Fitrat, Fayzulla Khojaev, studied in foreign qualifications and brought knowledge, also defended the struggle against the Emir of Bukhara, along with the dissemination of enlightenment and culture among thepeople. The mainreasons for such a division are as follows:  Including the Turkestan region, where the socio – economic and political situation in the emirate of Bukhara weighs a little, the Russian tsar and the implementation of the 2-fold tyranny policy ofthe emirateofBukhara;  Belief in the influence of propaganda work and propaganda of the Bolsheviks among the local population; The fact that the representatives of the local people were kept in the political shell, the insufficient development of theirideological –theoretical level in terms of politics. By calling them to order the Emir of Bukhara, they will try to change the political and cultural system in Bukhara through the transfer of originals. Encouraged by the February Revolution of 1917, they want to represent the Central Committee and send Fitrat and Usmanhaja. Even the Emir of Bukhara, Sayyid Olimkhan, proclaimed his decree supre