General grounds and types of assignment of criminal punishment not related to imprisonment for women and men over sixty years of age

Аннотация

In the contemporary global context, the assignment of criminal punishment not related to imprisonment for women and men over sixty years of age. The American Journal of Political struggle against criminal activity has attained a degree Science Law and Criminology, 7(03), 57–61. of international significance that demands urgent https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume07Issue03-09 attention. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensive reduction of the role and COPYRIGHT participation of women in criminal activity. The global © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. community, cognizant of the magnitude of female criminality as a universal threat, endeavors to consolidate global efforts in formulating contemporary international standards and overarching directives for the reform of criminal and penitentiary legislation. A notable development in this regard was the adoption of the Bangkok Rules by the UN General Assembly in 2010, which stipulates guidelines for the treatment of female prisoners and non-custodial penalties for female offenders. This development underscores the necessity for fundamental reforms in the operations of penitentiary institutions, as well as the provision of theoretical and practical support for the development of effective measures and mechanisms to prevent female crime. This includes the study of the processes of adaptation of convicted women within the penitentiary system. Keywords: Contemporary global context, female criminality, penitentiary legislation. Introduction: In the contemporary global context, the struggle against criminal activity has attained a degree of international significance that demands urgent attention. In this regard, particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensive reduction of the role and The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 57 https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajpslc The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology participation of women in criminal activity. The global acquire the skills and characteristics that are community, cognizant of the magnitude of female emblematic of their newfound criminal milieu. criminality as a universal threat, endeavors to Consequently, the norms introduced on the basis of consolidate global efforts in formulating contemporary liberalisation stipulate that if minors perpetrate crimes international standards and overarching directives for that do not pose a significant public threat, or crimes the reform of criminal and penitentiary legislation. A due to negligence, they are not subject to imprisonment notable development in this regard was the adoption as a form of punishment. of the Bangkok Rules by the UN General Assembly in The significance of international legal instruments in the 2010, which stipulates guidelines for the treatment of sphere of criminal punishment cannot be overstated, as female prisoners and non-custodial penalties for they serve as a crucial social "instrument" for the female offenders. This development underscores the adjustment of penitentiary policy and the humanisation necessity for fundamental reforms in the operations of of coercion in the form of isolation of convicts and penitentiary institutions, as well as the provision of prisoners. These instruments are recognised or theoretical and practical support for the development approved by the international community and are of effective measures and mechanisms to prevent considered a factor in the introduction of generalised female crime. This includes the study of the processes and acceptable practical experience, with a view to of adaptation of convicted women within the preventing violations of human rights in places of penitentiary system. serving punishment. The Republic of Uzbekistan's It is acknowledged that the administration of criminal accession to numerous international treaties and punishment is inextricably linked with the need to documents in the field of human rights is indicative of encourage law-abiding behaviour among convicts and its favourable perception of international legal norms in to prevent evasion of punishment. this area. The liberalisation of criminal legislation and the Among the widely recognised legal instruments, the corresponding penal system has resulted in the following, adopted by the United Nations, are of prioritisation of norms that are imbued with the spirit particular importance:1) Universal Declaration of of humanity and mercy in the establishment of Human Rights (1948);2) International Covenant on Civil measures for offences committed by minors, women and Political Rights (1966);3) Declaration on the and the elderly. Minors, in particular, necessitate Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to particular consideration. The demographic landscape Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading of Uzbekistan is predominantly youthful, with the Treatment