CORROSION AND METAL PROTECTION

Аннотация

Corrosion is achemical process that occurs as a result ofthe interaction ofmetals with the environment, leading to a decrease in their physical and mechanical properties. This process occurs through the oxidation of metals or the formation of other chemical compounds. Due to corrosion, metals quickly wear out, change and cause economic damage to them. Therefore, the protection of metals from corrosion is very important. Various methods are used to protect metals, such as coatings, galvanization, passivation, special anti-corrosion additives. These protection methods allowyou topreservemetals for along timeandextend theirservice life. Key words:Corrosion, metal protection, chemical processes, oxidation, metal coatings, galvanization,passivation, anti-corrosion additives. Introduction: Of the 109 chemical elements of the periodic table of D. I. Mendeleev, 87 are metals and 22 are nonmetals. All metals consist of "elementary metals," "intermediate metals," "lantanides and actinides." In the periodic table, the metals in the main groups are called simple metals (s- and r-elements), and the metals in the additional groups are called intermediate metals or (d- and f-elements). It is important to protect metal objects from corrosion. The discovery of a method for producing special stainless steels will help solvethisproblem. Metal is used in everyday life, construction, astronautics, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, aircraft construction, and many otherindustries. Metal corrosion - the destruction of metals due to chemical or electrochemical interaction with the environment. It mainly consists of 3 stages: the entry of reactants into the phase boundary - the reaction zone; the reaction; the exit of the reaction product from thereaction zone. Corrosion (from Latin corrigere - to corrode, to corrode) - the destruction of objects (metals, concrete, stone, wood, some plastics, etc.) as a result of biological, chemical, or electrochemical interaction with theexternal environment. Corrosion of iron and iron alloys is also called rusting. Methods: The corrosion process typically consists of three stages: (1) the entry of reactants into the reaction zone, (2) the reaction between the metal and the environment, and (3) the exit of the products from the reaction zone. Metal corrosion is divided into chemical and electrochemical types based onits occurrence. Chemical (Dry) Corrosion: Occurs when metal atoms react with gases or non-aqueous liquids, often involvingoxidation reactions. Electrochemical (Wet) Corrosion: Involves the interaction of metals with aqueous solutions and iscommonly seen inenvironments where water is present. Additionally, corrosion can be influenced by factors such as temperature, environment aggressiveness, and material properties. Methods toreduce corrosion include: page658 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai Improving thechemical resistance ofmaterials. Protecting metalsfrom aggressiveenvironments. Electrochemical protection through theuseofexternal current. Corrosion fatigue and corrosion cracking are important forms of mechanical damage that occur undercyclic stresses and aggressiveenvironments. Measures such as alloying steels with specific elements are used to prevent thesetypes of corrosion. Results: Metal corrosion, depending on the nature of destruction, is divided into the following types: flat, local, intercrystalline, and corrosive cracking. Corrosion leads tothe loss of 1-1.5% of all metals collected and used by humanity annually. To protect metals from corrosion, certain measures are taken (for example, alloying elements are added: chromium,nickel, etc.). . Fig. 1.Appearance ofthe carozzification period and process. By metals, we mean simple metals and their alloys, as well as products made of metals and their structures. Usually, the medium in which metal corrosion occurs is a liquid or gaseous medium. Corrosion is a heterogeneous process occurring at the interface of two phases: metal- liquid or metal-gas. According to the mechanism of occurrence, metal corrosion is divided into two types: chemical (dry) and electrochemical (wet). Chemical corrosion is a process that occurs as a result of the interaction of metal atoms with the molecules of a substance that is part of the environment, while simultaneously an oxidation-reduction process occurs. Chemical corrosion occurs when non-aqueous liquids (mainly liquid metals) and atmospheric gases interact with a metal surface. There are 3types ofchemical corrosion: 1)Oxidativecorrosion 2)Corrosion under theinfluence ofgases 3)Corrosion caused byliquidmetals It is impossibleto completely get rid ofmetal corrosion, you can only slowdown theseprocesses. Modern principles of reducing metal losses and protecting metals from corrosion are based on thefollowing methods: 1.Improvethe che