TRANSPORTS IN TOURISM

Аннотация

Any country that wants to develop tourism must first develop transport. This article presents the role of transport in tourism with vivid examples. In addition, the article also lists the types oftransport. Each type of transport is accompanied byspecific facts and opinions. Key words:Transport, tourism, air transport, charter, GDP, low-cost (LCC), international airlines (IALs), railway, car transportation, Safari travel, seatransport, publictransport. Transport plays a key role in tourism, enabling travelers to reach their holiday destination and travel within or outside the country. It affects the comfort, cost, duration of the journey and the overall travel experience. Tourism involves the movement of people from one place to another, both within and outside the country. The legislation of a number of European countries (for example, France and Italy) includes transport services as one of the main services provided to travelers, along with accommodation services. In tourism statistics, transport refers to the means used by a visitor to travel from their place of permanent residence to the destination they are visiting. However, many transport companies and enterprises provide not only the transport oftourists,but also thetransport ofordinary passengers, mail and non-tourism-related cargo. Transport is divided into categories: air, water and land.1 Various types of transport are used in tourism. Air transport is the fastest and most convenient way to travel long distances, including international and domestic flights. Major airports and airlines offer a wide range of flights. scheduled air services for the transportation of passengers by air on specified routes; unscheduled flights (mainly charter flights and others not included in the air passenger transportation schedule), as well as chartering aircraft with a crew. Here, charter is understood as any passenger transport vehicle (aircraft, sea, river, automobile) fully rented by a travel agency from acarrier for thetransportation of tourists. In the current economic development environment, the reduction in the country's state budget capabilities, the intensification of global political and economic conflicts require the national economy to ensure high-tech, knowledge-intensive and high-quality strategic planning.2 The aviation industry is of particular importance, being a system-forming tool in the economies of developed countries. Due to its close connection with other sectors, it is one of the most knowledge-intensive and innovative sectors of the economy. This has a significant impact on the 1 More details on the importance of transport services in the development of tourism can be found in the work: "Serviceactivitiesintourismandhotelbusiness".-Tomsk:PublishinghouseofTomskUniversity,2004. 2 CAPA Centre for Aviation. Longhaul low cost airlines. World Airways to be US’ first. https://centre- foraviation.com/insights/analysis/longhaul-low-cost-airlines-world-airways-to-be-us-first-405559. page125 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai pace of innovative development of the country, attracting tourists, ensuring sustainable economic growth within the framework of interregional integration and technological clustering. The youngest and fastest-growing type of transport, which is leading in terms of innovation in the future, is air transport, and its role in the development of the world economy, including in the tourismsector, remains high. This can beseen from thefollowing example. Aviation’s contribution totourism employment and GDP is significant:  Direct: it is estimated that globally 16.4 million jobs in tourism are supported by spending of foreign visitors arriving by air. This includes jobs in industries such as hotels, restaurants, visitor attractions, local transport and car rental, but excludes air transport industryjobs.  Indirect and induced: a further 21 million jobs are supported through the tourism industry’s supplychain spending and  Through employees spending theirearnings ongoods and services. Including direct, indirect, and induced effects, air transport supports over 37.3 million jobs withintourism, contributingaround $967.8billiona year to world GDP.3 One of the results of increased competition in the air transportation market is the rapid development of the low-cost (LCC) segment. The creation of a low-cost division by existing airlines is usually carried out for two reasons. The first is to protect the domestic market from low-budget competitors. Within the framework of the "Defense model", budget divisions are created to compete on local routes, while the parent company focuses on international airlines (IALs). The second reason is the lack of competitiveness on medium-haul routes due to high costs. Long-haul flights are the main source of profit for traditional air carri