ADVANTAGES OF HIGH-TERRAIN VEHICLE WITH ARTICULATED FRAME

Аннотация

The machine with hinged frame is widely used in the construction of automobileroads, mining and agriculture, as well as other earthworks and underground railways.The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the kinematics of rotation of a four-axle articulated vehicle, taking into account itsdesign features. Keywords:articulated vehicle, turning kinematics, layout, maneuverability, cross- country ability, productivity. As you know, an articulated construction machine, designed for construction, loading, cleaning and other work, is a multifunctional universal equipment designed to work in confined spaces. For example, many of the functions of an articulated skid steer are determined primarily bythesizeof theattachment used. The first such forklifts were developed by the American company Clark Equipment Co. in 1917 at the foundry. They were designed to transport sand as well as workpieces and were called Trutractor, which was a three-wheeled cart with aplatform and agasoline engine[1]. The Trutractor had no gearbox, no brakes, no hydraulic system, and the steering was primitive. To slow down this car, special barriers were installed on its path. Despite this, Trutractor coped with its task, which stimulated further improvements. At the beginning of the 20th century, Ed Wagner & Sons Concrete Contractors of Portland, Oregon, in need of mechanization of concrete transportation, developed a unique autonomousconcrete mixertruck called the Mixermobile. In 1936, the Wagner family founded the Mixermobile Manufacturers company to produce these mixermobiles. In an attempt to make bucket loading more efficient, Mixermobile developed one of the world's first wheel loaders, called the Scoopmobile. The Scoopmobile featured an unusual three-wheel design (two wheels in the front and one in the back) and was steered byarotary handlelikea boat [2]. However, the Wagners' biggest contribution to the wheel loader industry came in 1953 when they introduced the Scoopmobile models LD5 and LD10. These were the world's first articulated loaders. [3]. Of course, over several decades, the design of an articulated loader has undergone significant changes, onlythearticulated layout has remained unchanged[4]. page7 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue02,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai The design of an articulated loader is characterized by the presence of two semi-frames, front and rear, connected to each other by a hinge. The rotation is carried out during the movement and control of the mini-loader, when one of the semi-frames, using a hydraulic cylinder, changes theangle ofpositionrelative to theother inthe horizontalplane. Thus, the rotation of the mini-loader is carried out not by the angle of the wheels, as happens with conventional wheeled mini-loaders, but by bending (fracture) in two. This allows the mini-loader to turn literally “on its heels”; thanks to the bend in the frame, small turning radii are achieved, which is especially important for equipment designed to work in cramped conditions. As a rule, such machines have a hydrostatic transmission, and the most modern articulated mini-loaders do not even have axles as such - the flow of working fluid is transmitted directly through a hydraulicpump tofour wheel motors [5]. At present, the development of road and construction engineering is associated with an increase in the production of machines with increased unit capacity for construction, serial production of machines based on powerful industrial tractors and wheeled tractors. Such machines serve to increase unit capacity, reliability and durability, improve the quality of machines in general and increase productivity. As is known, articulated vehicles are widely used mainly in specialized work in difficult conditions:miningand underground work, road construction, agricultural work, earthworks, etc. In addition, three-axle articulated dump trucks are used to transport light soils that do not require an armored body and reinforced suspension, as in quarry short-base dump trucks. Articulated agricultural machines were created when the requirements for the productivity of tillage operations increased significantly. So much so that even machines with improved traditional layouts became too clumsy. Due to the breakable frame, machines with articulated frames gained an advantage in maneuverability, despitetheir greatermassiveness [6]. In addition, machines with articulated frames "bend" in the vertical plane, which ensures constant adhesion ofthe propellers to theground. This makes it possible to increase stability, controllability, cross-country ability and traction quality of machines on uneven terrain. Agricultural tractors with an articulated frame are designed specifically for useincomplex earthworks. The layout of the machines allows for a virtually ideal weight distribution along