Legal regulation of working hours in the republic of Uzbekistan and some foreign countries

Аннотация

The legal regulation of working hours plays a crucial role in ensuring employeesэ rights, maintaining productivity, and fostering economic stability. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, labor laws establish standard working hours, overtime regulations, and provisions for special working conditions. The Labor Code of Uzbekistan defines the normal working hours as 40 hours per week, with specific regulations for overtime, night shifts, and hazardous jobs. Additionally, international labor standards and best practices influence these regulations, ensuring compliance with global labor rights frameworks. Comparatively, countries such as Germany, the United States, and China have distinct approaches to working hours, shaped by economic needs, labor policies, and cultural factors. This study examines the similarities and differences between Uzbekistan’s legal framework and those of selected foreign countries, highlighting best practices and potential areas for reform. By analyzing international labor conventions and national legislations, the research aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of various regulatory models in balancing workers’ rights and economic growth. Keywords: Labor law, working hours, Uzbekistan, overtime, employment rights, labor regulation, international comparison, workforce productivity. particularly those set by the International Labour Introduction: This study aims to compare the legal Organization (ILO). regulation of working hours in Uzbekistan with selected foreign countries, identifying strengths, weaknesses, The Labor Code includes provisions for overtime work, and best practices. By analyzing international labor night shifts, part-time employment, and labor laws, economic implications, and workforce trends, this conditions for specific job categories, such as research provides insights into how Uzbekistan’s legal hazardous occupations [1]. Overtime work is subject to framework can be further improved to ensure both restrictions to prevent employee exploitation, ensuring economic efficiency and employee well-being. that additional work does not exceed 120 hours per year. Comparatively, foreign countries have developed The regulation of working hours is a fundamental diverse legal frameworks for working hours. Germany, aspect of labor law that directly impacts economic for example, enforces a maximum 8-hour workday that productivity, employee well-being, and overall social can be extended to 10 hours if the average work hours stability. The establishment of standardized working over six months do not exceed 8 hours per day. The hours ensures that employees are protected from United States, on the other hand, operates under the excessive workloads while maintaining efficiency in the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which establishes a 40- labor market. Different countries implement various hour workweek, requiring employers to pay overtime approaches to work-hour regulation, influenced by compensation for additional hours worked [3]. China economic conditions, historical developments, and follows a similar 40-hour standard but has stricter cultural factors. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, working overtime restrictions to protect workers from excessive hours are regulated by the Labor Code, which workloads. establishes a standard 40-hour workweek. This regulation aligns with international labor standards, Literature review International Journal of Law And Criminology 29 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijlc International Journal of Law And Criminology (ISSN: 2771-2214) The regulation of working hours has been a widely Data collection discussed topic in labor law and economic studies, with The research relies on secondary data sources, scholars analyzing its impact on workforce productivity, including: employee well-being, and economic growth. Numerous 1. Legislative texts – National labor codes and studies have explored how different countries regulate regulations. working time to balance economic efficiency and workers’ rights. According to the International Labour 2. International labor standards – Reports from Organization (ILO), excessive working hours negatively the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the affect employee health, job satisfaction, and overall Organisation for Economic Co-operation and productivity [2]. The ILO promotes the 40-hour Development (OECD). workweek as an international standard, which is 3. Academic literature – Published articles, books, implemented in many countries, including Uzbekistan, and studies on labor law and workforce management. Germany, and China. However, enforcement 4. Government reports – Annual labor force mechanisms and overtime regulations vary statistics and policy reviews from relevant ministries significantly. and labor organizations. Research by Becker emphasizes that flexible working Data analysis hours contribute to higher job satisfaction and A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the increased productivity [