Activities of educational system in Turkestan during Russian empire

Аннотация

This article examines the influence and significance of schools and educational institutions established during the Russian Empire’s occupation on the development of Uzbekistan’s education system, based on historical evidence. In the introduction, the challenges arising during the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia and the resulting need for a structured education system are analyzed. A comparative analysis approach was applied in evaluating the sources. The study investigates the issue using a chronological sequence, comparative analysis, and regional approach, drawing on archival materials from the republic and regional archives. Specifically, the study focuses on the provinces of the Turkestan General-Governorship, with the Caspian region serving as a primary example. In conclusion, the article discusses the impact of the Turkestan General-Governorship’s education system on the current education system, offering solutions to the challenges that emerged as a result of this historical influence. Keywords: Educational institutions, chronological sequence, comparative analysis. Introduction: The resettlement policy of the Russian This study employs a combination of historical, Empire played a pivotal role in shaping the socio- archival, and comparative research methods to analyze cultural landscape of the Caspian region, particularly in the development of public education and the role of terms of public education. As Russian settlers moved Russian schools in the Caspian region. The primary into the area, there was an immediate need for schools, materials used for this research include archival libraries, and other cultural institutions to support the documents, government orders, and periodical growing population. The Russian government publications from the late 19th to early 20th century, recognized the necessity of educating the settlers and particularly from the Russian Empire's administration in developing a skilled workforce, leading to the Turkestan. These sources provide insight into the establishment of a formal education system. This policies and social conditions that influenced the system not only aimed to integrate the Russian establishment and expansion of Russian educational population into the region but also served as a means institutions. to maintain control over the newly acquired territories. Key archival materials include government records, In this context, public education became a central such as the orders of the Military People's element of the Russian colonial strategy, impacting Administration and the Ministry of Public Education, both the Russian settlers and the indigenous which were pivotal in shaping the educational policies populations of the region. The development of schools, of the region. These records also contain detailed the implementation of compulsory education, and the information on the establishment of schools, teacher growth of educational institutions were all part of a salaries, and the demographic composition of students broader effort to reshape the cultural and political attending these schools. dynamics of the Caspian region during the late 19th and Additionally, the study incorporates statistical data early 20th centuries. from the period, including enrollment numbers and METHODS International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 40 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) reports from local educational institutions. These not bad for the time, because the Caspian Region was figures are crucial in assessing the extent to which the last to join Russia compared to other parts of the education was made accessible to both Russian settlers Russian Empire. and the indigenous population. Periodicals from the The development of public education began to move time, such as newspapers and educational journals, forward, especially during the period of regional were also consulted to understand the public discourse administration of A.N.Kuropatkin in 1890-1898. During surrounding education and the social dynamics in the this time, the number of schools almost tripled. In region. 1895, a new charter was approved, according to which In terms of methodology, the research follows a one more grade school should be opened in the Russian comparative approach by analyzing the development village. In 1890-1896, despite the lack of funds for the of educational institutions in various regions of the maintenance of Russian schools, the amount of Caspian region, such as Ashgabat, Kyzil-Arvat, and expenses increased [1]. Marv, based on available archival sources. The study At the same time, it should be noted that among those also utilizes a chronological analysis to track the who immigrated from Russia to the Caspian region, evolution of educational policies and practices over there were many extremely poor and those who had no time, with particular attention to the reforms inclination for any