Change the hardness of the alloy based on changing the composition of aluminum alloys

Аннотация

This article analyzes the influence of germanium on aluminum alloys. The article examines how germanium oxide is introduced into its composition during melting of aluminum-manganese, aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium alloys and its hardness changes. Based on the results of the conducted research, the conclusions and suggestions of the authors are presented at the end of the article. Keywords: Hardness, alloying, aluminum, manganese, copper, magnesium, germanium, furnace. properties. In particular, research aimed at improving Introduction: Aluminum alloys have better mechanical the properties of aluminum alloys by introducing and technological properties than pure aluminum. various alloying elements into them was carried out by Therefore, aluminum alloys are widely used in the Iranian scientist S.G. Shabestari and others studied mechanical engineering, aircraft manufacturing, the influence of copper and the state of solidification shipbuilding, construction and agriculture. Aluminum on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al- stands out among structural materials due to its Si-Mg alloys. The researchers used aluminum alloy important properties (relative strength, electrical and grade A356 with a copper content of 0.2–2.5%, cast thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance). Aluminum under various solidification conditions (in sand, forms solid solutions with different compositions that graphite, copper, and cast iron molds). The highest look like alloying elements. Due to the growing demand tensile strength was obtained with heat treatment of for aluminum alloys in industry, scientists around the alloys (T6), mold cooling rate (graphite) and copper world are conducting research to improve their American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 18 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) content up to 1.5%. The best mechanical properties number 32. Denoted as Ge (Germany), Germanium is a were demonstrated by dissolving approximately 1.5% grey-white intermediate optical material that is shiny Cu in the Al-Si-Mg alloy in graphite molds. In this article, like metals. Like silicon, it is a semiconductor. the authors studied the effect of introducing Germanium is usually extracted from nickel and germanium oxide into aluminum and its mechanical tungsten ores as a semi-metallic compound. It is also properties, including hardness. obtained from the composition of silicates. After very complex processing of the ore, germanium oxide is METHODS released in the form of GeO2. In the experiments, The studies were conducted on aluminum alloys in the aluminum alloys were melted in a resistance furnace aluminum-copper, aluminum-magnesium and with the addition of germanium oxide. First, for aluminum-manganese systems. These alloys contain comparison, samples were cast in aluminum alloys germanium oxide. As a result of the introduction of this without the addition of germanium oxide. At the next compound, the oxygen contained in it was released, stage, the element germanium was added to the alloys and the germanium was absorbed by the alloy. of the selected grade in the form of oxide in an amount Germanium is located in period 4 th group,14 of the of 0.1% to 0.3% relative to the batch. periodic table of chemical elements, with atomic Fig.1. Processed samples. From each selected alloy grade, samples with three cut and processed samples are shown in figure1. The different compositions were cast. The cast samples following tables present the chemical composition of were cut on a lathe to the required size and shape. The the samples. Table 1. Alloy in the aluminum-manganese system № Brand Percentage of elements by mass, % Al Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Ti Be Zn Ge Cr 1 АМц 96,3-99 0,6 0,7 0,05-0,2 1-1,5 - - - 0,1 - - 2 АМц 96,3-99 0,6 0,7 0,05-0,2 1-1,5 - - - 0,1 1 - 3 АМц 96,3-99 0,6 0,7 0,05-0,2 1-1,5 - - - 0,1 2 - 4 АМц 96,3-99 0,6 0,7 0,05-0,2 1-1,5 - - - 0,1 3 - Table 2. Alloy in the aluminum-copper system American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 19 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajast American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745) № Brand Percentage of elements by mass, % Al Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Ti Be Zn Ge Cr 1 Д16 91-94,7 0,5 0,5 3,8-4,9 0,3-0,9 1,2-1,8 0,1 - 0,3 - 0,5 2 Д16 91-94,7 0,5 0,5 3,8-4,9 0,3-0,9 1,2-1,8 0,1 - 0,3 1 0,5 3 Д16 91-94,7 0,5 0,5 3,8-4,9 0,3-0,9 1,2-1,8 0,1 - 0,3 2 0,5 4 Д16 91-94,7 0,5 0,5 3,8-4,9 0,3-0,9 1,2-1,8 0,1 - 0,3 3 0,5 Table 3. Alloy in the aluminum-magnesium system № Brand Percentage of elements by mass, % Al Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Ti Be Zn Ge Cr 1 АМг5 91,9-94 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,3-0,8 4,8-5,8 0,1 0,005 0,2 - - 2 АМг5 91,9-94 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,3-0,8 4,8-5,8 0,1 0,005 0,2 1 - 3 АМг5 91,9-94 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,3-0,8 4,8-5,8 0,1 0,005 0,2 2 - 4 АМг5 91,9-94 0,5 0,5 0,1 0,3-0,8 4,8-5,8 0,1 0,005 0,2 3 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS the Brinell scale. To measure hardness, a hardness tester “Rockwell type hardness tester