ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY AND METAMORPHOSES.

Аннотация

В данной статье говорится о метаморфозах, дошедших до нас в составе произведений представителей античной литературы Гомера, Гесиода, Овидия и других, и конкретных признаках этого явления, причинах его формирования. Считается также, что шрифты, являющиеся продуктом первобытного мышления, быстро развивались в древности и превратились в литературный инструмент, служащий социально- эстетическим целям творца. Ключевые слова: миф, мифология, метаморфоза (превращение, превращение), Гомер, Эзиод, Эсхил, Аристофан, Овидий и др. Fiction, reflecting all the phenomena of existence, does not bypass the laws of nature, including the process of metamorphosis. The great Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin defines this term in literature as follows. “Metamorphosis (evolution) - primarily human evolution - belongs to the treasury of primitive peoples, along with self-awareness. Evolution, self-awareness have a deep and strong connection with the image of man in primitive peoples.”[1] Ancient people saw divine power in the changes, transformations, and conflicts in existence. They also recognized the existence of divine secrets in the creation of the world and believed that the owner of infinite power was in control of this world. Early people imagined that the existence and transformations in existence arose on the basis of metamorphosis due to the will, command, or curse of the gods. On this basis, myths based on metamorphosis began to emerge. 121 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference The role of the mythology of the ancient world (ancient period) in transmitting the initial forms of metamorphoses to subsequent generations is incomparable. In this regard, it is enough to recall the epics of Homer “Iliad” and “Odyssey”, the works of Hesiod “Works and Days” and “Theogeny”.[2] In Greek and Roman literature, especially in the poetry of the Hellenistic period, we do not meet a poet who, like Ovid, organically connected metamorphoses with each other and turned them into a single work like "Metamorphoses", which includes 250 variations. The first Latin novel written on the motif of transformation that has come down to us in its entirety is the work of Apuleius, the last representative of Roman literature, “Metamorphoses” (or “The Golden Ass”). For example, in the chapter of the Iliad entitled “The Greeks at Farewell,” a monstrous red snake emerges from under one of the altars at the port of Farewell, devours eight sycamores and a bird on the top of a plane tree, and is immediately turned to stone. This motif of transformation in the epic is interpreted as a harbinger of the gods foretelling the future.[3] Homer’s Odyssey also features several metamorphoses. So, during his ten- year journey, Odysseus accidentally lands on the shores of Circe’s island, where he is treated to wine. His companions who have drunk wine turn into pigs one by one, but do not lose their minds. In this episode, metamorphosis is also carried out not by humans or by chance, but by the magician, the magician. Also, during the work, the goddess Athena advises the hero Odysseus when he is helpless, and with good intentions, disguises him as a beggar and helps him enter her palace. During the events of the work, even the gods interfere in real life and do not spare their beloved heroes from helping them. This reflects the mythological thinking of the Greek people that gods and goddesses, when the time comes, help their slaves in any helpless or difficult situations, and when they are angry, they take revenge in various ways. Metamorphoses also play an important role in Hesiod's works “Works and Days” and “Theogeny”. The commonality inherent in the metamorphoses in the shell of Hesiod’s myths is completely different from each other.” ... in it we see the embodiment of the main genealogical series, that is, the alternation of works and generations (myths about the five centuries called the Golden, Silver, Copper, Trojan and Iron Ages), the unique theogeny characteristic of the metamorphosis of nature, the metamorphoses of the grain series, the metamorphoses of the grape branches. At the same time, the series on the peasant process in Hesiod is also expressed in the form of the “Peasant Metamorphoses”, writes M. Bakhtin. 122 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference “Metamorphoses”, written approximately in the years 1-8 AD, is the pinnacle of Ovid’s work, and at the same time, one of the great monuments of Roman literature. The epic contains about 250 such narratives. One of the oldest myths in the epic, belonging to the type of metamorphoses, is about Phaeton, the son of the sun god, and his sisters. According to legend, when young Phaeton goes to his palace to find out if he is really the son of Helios, his father wants to prove the truth of his words by making his son agree to whatever he wants. To demonstrate this truth to others, Phaeton persuades his father to ride the sun chari