MAIN ASPECTS IN CARIES DIAGNOSIS

Аннотация

The rapid development of new technologies, including in medicine, allows modern society to confidently move into the 21st century. However, the solution to one of the most important problems in dentistry (dental caries) remains at the same level: Traditionally, caries is detected already at the stage of a carious cavity and treated by preparation and filling. It has been proven that dental caries develops over a long period of time and goes through a number of stages until a cavity forms. A very important point is the fact that before the formation of a carious cavity, it is possible to stop the progression of a carious lesion, as well as reverse its development. In addition, new carious lesions may also appear adjacent to existing restorations, which can negatively affect patient satisfaction with the treatment. At the same time, areas of subsurface demineralization of enamel can be successfully identified using modern early diagnostic methods and remineralization of initial caries can be achieved. Thus, the carious process can be controlled and the appearance of a carious cavity can be prevented. Key words: Diagnosis of dental caries, electroodontodiagnosis (EDD) method, light radiation, laser, non-invasive methods for caries treatment. ОСНОВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ КАРИЕСА Аннотация. Стремительное развитие новых технологий, в том числе в медицине, позволяет современному обществу уверенно двигаться в XXI век. Однако решение одной из важнейших проблем в стоматологии (кариес зубов) остается на прежнем уровне: традиционно кариес выявляется уже на стадии кариозной полости и лечится путем препарирования и пломбирования. Доказано, что кариес зубов развивается в течение длительного периода времени и проходит ряд стадий, пока не образуется полость. Очень важным моментом является тот факт, что до образования кариозной полости можно остановить прогрессирование кариозного поражения, а также обратить его развитие вспять. Кроме того, новые кариозные поражения могут также появляться рядом с имеющимися реставрациями, что может негативно влиять на удовлетворенность пациента лечением. При этом с помощью современных методов ранней диагностики можно успешно выявлять участки подповерхностной деминерализации эмали и добиваться реминерализации начального кариеса. Таким образом, можно контролировать кариозный процесс и предотвращать появление кариозной полости. 707 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 2 Issue 1 Ключевые слова: Диагностика кариеса зубов, метод электроодонтодиагностики (ЭДД), световое излучение, лазер, неинвазивные методы лечения кариеса. Traditionally, clinicians around the world have used criteria adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify and diagnose dental caries (DCT). But these criteria have a significant drawback: they do not detect focal demineralization in the form of white or pigmented lesions on the surface of the hard tissues of teeth. A modern approach to diagnosing caries requires the use of new diagnostic criteria that will allow identifying not only carious cavities with destruction of hard dental tissues (“cavitated lesions”), but also diagnosing demineralization of hard tissues before the formation of a carious cavity (“non-cavitated lesions”). Along with all the well-known visual and instrumental methods of diagnostics and caries, there are diagnostic devices thatallowing to identify not only the presence of demineralization of hard tissues, but also to diagnose the stage and activity of the carious process. The most accessible method of hardware diagnostics of caries is the x-ray method, which allows you to identify hidden and secondary carious cavities, but has a number of disadvantages: the negative impact of X-ray radiation, the difficulty of diagnosing the depth of the lesion and the inability to detect focal demineralization. All this reflects the low reliability and diagnostic value of this method. The electroodontodiagnosis (EDD) method allows you to determine the sensitivity threshold of the pulp to electric current. This method is based on irritating the tooth pulp with an electric current and determining the minimum current strength that causes the first (weak) pain sensation.Thus, the diagnosis of caries and its complications is achieved. The disadvantages of the method are: the inability to detect the topography, depth and activity of carious lesions, the difficulty of interpreting the device’s values, and the lack of visual control. The method of light radiation, represented by the Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) apparatus, is based on the use of the natural ability of hard dental tissues to fluoresce, which decreases with demineralization. The device allows you to diagnose carious lesions at the earliest stages due to the loss of fluorescence in areas of demineralization and identify the localization, area, depth and severity of the carious process, as well as the presence of dental plaque. The method allows you to obtain a color image, wh