DIDACTIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FORMATION OF LEARNING MOTIVATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Аннотация

This thesis describes the specific aspects of the formation of interest in examples of fiction literature in elementary school students through reading. Also, the article suggests that knowledge-based interests are a motive that ensures personal activity, and that it contributes to the development of cognitive activity. Kеywоrds: young students, reading, examples of fiction, interest, study subjects. INTRОDUСTIОN Today, there are many directions and means of personal empowerment. Such tools primarily serve to expand the cognitive capabilities of each person. Interest in books and reading ensures the effective course of personal activity. That is why it is of particular importance to form interest in fiction in students through reading. In the encyclopedia of pedagogy, "Interest - 1) awareness of an object or event and a tendency to master a type of activity; 2) attitude of a pupil or student to a certain thing and event that is valuable and pleasant for him" [1] is defined as. MAIN PART Interests embody the unique characteristics of a person. Curiosity helps to acquire knowledge consciously, carefully, steadily, with awareness. Curiosity serves to form desire, activity, internal motivation and need in a person. Curiosity is manifested in a person's selective attitude to existence, making unique decisions, self-control, striving for a goal, and overcoming obstacles. That is why it is of particular importance to arouse interest in this or that phenomenon in students starting from the primary grades. Because of curiosity, students seek to master a particular subject more deeply. They begin to acquire knowledge about him with special aspiration. By instilling interest in fiction among elementary school students, wider conditions are created for them to study knowledge and life experiences expressed in rare examples of human intelligence. Reading serves as the main tool in creating interest in fiction in students. 115 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference According to R. G. Safarova[2], the educational process plays a key role in arousing interest in fiction among students. Today, when the task of harmonious development of personality is set before the educational process, it is becoming a socio-pedagogical necessity to arouse interest in fiction literature in students with the help of books. By reading books, students can improve their knowledge regularly. Due to the increase in information technology and sources of information, students turn to books less and less. From the first days of interaction with students, teachers should arouse interest in fiction. It is in primary grades that students' interest in fiction becomes stable and strengthens throughout their lives. The great Czech pedagogue Ya. A. Komensky[3] is the founder of the idea of arousing interest in fiction literature among students. In his work "Great didactics", he thought about how to arouse interest in students in this or that activity. Interest is a form of manifestation of cognitive needs. It directs a person to realize the purpose of his activity. It encourages a deeper understanding of the essence of the evidence that represents objective existence. Interest represents a person's desire to master the object of study. Satisfying one interest of the student is the basis for the emergence of the second interest and creates conditions for the development of cognitive activity. According to LS Vygotsky[4], interests are the driving force of child behavior. It is a vivid expression of the student's aspirations. With the help of interests, students' activities are tailored to their needs. Therefore, the educational process should be organized based on the interests of students. This means that the educational process is organized on the basis of giving priority to the subjects of interest to the students. It is not possible to attract the student to learn a certain phenomenon by putting pressure, threats, and threats on the student. It is important to arouse the interest of students, as well as to direct it to a specific goal. Another important point is to bring learning processes closer to life situations, taking into account the interests of students. Examples of fiction literature play an important role in bringing the learning process closer to life situations. Bringing the learning process closer to real life situations makes students interested in certain events. Educators should realize that by arousing interest in students, they can be more involved in a specific activity. 116 MODELS AND METHODS IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference Each person has an experience of a personal attitude towards the existence that surrounds him. It is this attitude that brings him to certain situations and creates interest, need and desire to learn certain things. Cognitive interests help to ensure the dynamic development of the learning process. It helps students to actively master learning a