Modern interpretation of psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection of extreme situations

Аннотация

This article classifies the general mechanisms of providing qualified psychological services to military personnel who are in need of psychological help as a result of various social factors. Providing psychological support to military personnel who are under mental stress at work, the process of understanding the events after the effects of the stressful situation have ended, and various methods of providing them with psychological support are explained. The article provides an overview of approaches, theories, and controversial issues and problems related to psychological care. The concept of mental exhaustion is revealed in connection with semantic concepts such as trauma, stress, loss, transit. Key words: trauma, stress, motive, professional deformation, affective situation, military regulations. Psychodiagnostics in extreme situations has its own characteristics. In such circumstances, due to time constraints, standard diagnostic procedures cannot be used. Actions, including actions of a practical psychologist, are determined by an emergency plan. Traditional methods of psychological influence are not used in many extreme situations. All this depends on the goals of psychological influence in extreme situations: in one case, you should support, help; in others, for example, rumors, panic should be stopped; negotiate in the third. The main principles of providing assistance to people who have suffered mental injuries as a result of extreme situations: • urgency; • proximity to the place of events; 453 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 2, Выпуск 9, 30 Сентябрь • waiting for the normal situation to be restored; • unity and simplicity of psychological effect. Urgency means that the victim should be helped as soon as possible: the more time passes from the moment of injury, the higher the probability of developing chronic diseases, including post-traumatic stress disorder. The meaning of the proximity principle is to provide care in a familiar and social environment, as well as to minimize the negative consequences of "hospitalization". Waiting for normalcy to return: A person who has experienced a stressful situation should be treated as a normal person, not as a patient. Hope it will return to normal soon. The unity of the psychological effect means that its source must be the same person or the procedure for providing psychological assistance must be unified. Simplicity of the psychological effect - the victim should be removed from the injured area, food, rest, a safe environment and the opportunity to listen should be provided. In general, the emergency psychological care service performs the following main functions: - practical: providing direct urgent psychological and (if necessary) pre- medical medical care to the population; - coordination: ensuring communication and interaction with specialized psychological services. The situation of a psychologist working in extreme conditions differs from the usual therapeutic situation in at least the following aspects. • Work with groups. It is often necessary to work with groups of victims, and these groups are not artificially created by a psychologist (psychotherapist) based on the needs of the psychotherapeutic process, they are created by life itself due to the dramatic situation of the disaster. 454 https://universalpublishings.com МЕДИЦИНА, ПЕДАГОГИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА Researchbib Impact factor: 11.79/2023 SJIF 2024 = 5.444 Том 2, Выпуск 9, 30 Сентябрь • Patients are often in an acute affective state. Sometimes you have to work when the victims are still under the influence of a traumatic situation, which is completely unusual for ordinary psychotherapeutic work. • The social and educational level of many victims is often low. Among the victims, you can find many people who, due to their social and educational status, will never find themselves in a psychotherapist's office in their lives. • Heterogeneity of psychopathology among victims. In addition to traumatic stress, victims of violence often suffer from neuroses, psychoses, personality disorders and, most importantly, a number of problems caused by the disaster itself or another traumatic situation for professionals working with victims . This means, for example, lack of means of living, lack of work, etc. • The presence of a sense of loss in almost all patients, because victims often lose loved ones, friends, favorite places to live and work, etc., which creates a nosological picture of traumatic stress, especially the depressive component of this syndrome. . • Difference between post-traumatic psychopathology and neurotic pathology. It can be said that the psychopathological mechanism of traumatic stress is fundamentally different from the pathological mechanisms of neurosis. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies for working with victims, which cover both cases of