Comparative and cultural analysis of proverbs in english and uzbek languages

Аннотация

The article examines the role of "proverbs" in English and Uzbek cultures. This article briefly outlines the work of famous writers and researchers on proverbs, as well as the role and meaning of proverbs in human life. When we compared proverbs in different languages, we found differences and similarities between them Key Words: proverb, equivalent, context, grammar, linguoculturology, culturology, comparison The whole unity of the spiritual culture created by the people is, of course, the proverbs of that nation. Let us take the oral or personal memory of each nation, in which the myths and legends that are vaguely preserved in the memory of mankind, the primitive ideas and concepts of the depths of long history, the cream of life wisdom formed from centuries of observations are human we see a reflection of the experience of contemplation. English and Uzbek folk proverbs have been collected and refined over thousands of years as a result of scientific and artistic thinking. The best proverbs that have been created and used in the past, as an example of folk wisdom, are still great educational value of today. Such proverbs and wise sayings constitute a precious treasure of the spiritual wealth of every nation. Proverbs are a simple way of expressing a well-known truth or adage based on common sense or experience. They are usually considered to be imbued with ancestral wisdom, passed down from generation to generation until they become part of a society‘s oral tradition. Proverbs are pieces of language that best represent the folk culture from a speech community. Thus, the uses and main purposes of proverbs are an important subject to know how these popular wisdom tools work in everyday language. To achieve a good explanation for proverbs function and uses in Uzbek and English languages, we approached different aspects of this phenomenon. Poets and writers such as Alisher Navoi, Bobur, Muqimi, Furqat, Zavqi, Lutfi made effective use of folk art to make it easier for people to understand. Writer M. Gorky also described the proverbs: ‗The 99 greatest wisdom is in the simplicity of the word. Proverbs and songs are always short. They contain thoughts and intuitions that are equal to the content of the whole book‘ An in-depth analysis of proverbs and their study through the reflection of national-cultural and universal values in different languages is an important problem of modern linguistics. If we study by comparison, we can see that all the languages in the world have their own characteristics, and it is this phenomenon that distinguishes different languages from each other. But what is known is that language learners learn a language that is foreign to them on the basis of a certain connection between the mother tongue and that language. These languages are grouped under certain categories. These categories include grammatical categories, lexical-semantic categories, and linguistic characters similar to functional categories. Hence, generalizing categories provide universality in languages. At the same time, since proverbs are a unique linguistic unit which is found in every language, they also have a common sites. In this regard, G.L. Permiakov thinks that the feature of generalization of cases, that is, the combination of the same or similar cases, occurs in the proverbs of different nations. This uniformity in proverbs ensures universality and in many cases have a separate logical meaning. It follows that the world of proverbs is associated with world civilization, and it is absolutely wrong to say that it belongs to only one nation. The universality of proverbs is a key aspect of paremiology, it generalizes similarities in proverbs and occurs even in unrelated languages, regardless of their history or ethnicity. It should be noted that in the forms of many proverbs in different languages, both in terms of form and meaning, or in terms of their general functions similarities can be found. Some articles in Uzbek are functionally compatible with English articles. For example, the Uzbek version of the article First think, then speak corresponds to the article Avval o'yla-keyin so'yla because this proverb has the same meaning in both languages and its grammatical system is very close. However, in translations from one language to another, it will be difficult to find the exact similarity of the proverbs. Then comments or a second adequate option will be used. It is very difficult to find an English version of an Uzbek proverb or an Uzbek version of an English proverb. So'zlaguvchi nodon boʻlsa, eshitguvchi dano bo'lsin the proverb may be given with a closer equivalent, provided that the exact copy of the proverb is not available in English. But if it is translated as If speaker is fool, then listener should be wise, its Uzbek language will be preserved and it will be clear to everyone. Qassob moy qayg'usida, echki – jon qayg'usida same words are used in proverb we can give this meaning in English as Butcher