Текст научной работы на тему Составление словаря как одна из актуальных проблем современной английской лексикологии

Аннотация

The ways of learning vocabulary skill which is very essential for foreign language learners or users take the necessary information at first from the dictionaries. That‘s why every learners or users should get proper knowledge about lexicography, its history, characteristics of every dictionary, new technologies of their compiling and efficiency of dictionaries in learning of a certain language. The main objective of the article is the process of compiling dictionary and to discuss some of the problems such as the selection of headwords, the number, the structure and content of a vocabulary entry in different types of dictionaries. Key words: dictionary, definition dictionaries, dictionary entries, metalanguage. Аннотация: Способы овладения словарным запасом, который очень важен для пользователей иностранных языков, сначала берут необходимую информацию из словарей. Вот почему каждый пользователь должен получить надлежащие знания о лексикографии, ее истории, характеристиках каждого словаря, новых технологиях их составления и эффективности словарей в изучении определенного языка. Основной целью статьи является процесс составления словаря и обсуждение некоторых проблем, таких как выбор заглавных слов, количество, структура и содержание словарной статьи в различных типах словарей. Ключевые слова: словарь, словари определений, словарные статьи, метаязык. Dictionary is a systematically arranged list of socialized linguistic forms compiled from the speech habits of a given speech – community and complemented on by the author in such a way that the qualified reader understands the meaning. Obviously, the very fact that the dictionary is consulted rather than read is obviously linked to its content, because definition dictionaries are reference books that are resorted to in the case of need; and the need may be simply defined by saying that people consult dictionaries in order to find explicit information about the meanings of particular words that are usually yet not exclusively arranged in an alphabetical order of the headwords. Dictionaries are of many kinds and usually do provide phonological, morphological, syntactic, lexical-semantic, pragmatic, and stylistic information about the native or non-native language. Furthermore, dictionaries are prepared to serve different practical needs of the people. A reader looks at the dictionary mainly from the following points of view: - as a reference book for different types of information on words e.g. pronunciation, etymology, usage etc. [Hydekel: 1975]. This may be called the store house function of the dictionary which comprises different kinds of words in alphabetical order. - as a reference point for distinguishing the good or proper usage from the bad or wrong usage. This is the legislative or the court house function of the dictionary. The word ―dictionary‖ comes from neoclassical Latin, diction, meaning simply ―word‖. If we speak about the dictionary as a linguistic term, it is a list of words with their definitions, a list of characters, or a list of words with corresponding words in other languages. Many dictionaries also provide 97 pronunciation information; grammatical information; word derivations; histories, or etymologies; illustrations; usage guidance; and examples in phrase or sentences. Dictionaries are most commonly found in the form of a book, but more and more dictionaries are produced as software runs from electronic PDA or a general purpose computer. Most dictionaries are produced by lexicographers. Since words and their meanings develop over time dictionary entries are organized to reflect these changes. Dictionaries may either list meanings in the historical order in which they appeared or may list meanings in order of popularity and most common use. Any dictionary has been designed to fulfill one or more dictionary functions. The dictionary functions chosen by the makers of the dictionary provide the basis for all lexicographic decisions, from the selection of entry words, over the choice of information types, to the choice of place for the information (e.g. in an article or in an appendix). There are two main types of function. The communication-oriented functions comprise text reception (understanding), text production, text revision, and translation. The knowledge oriented functions deal with situations where the dictionary is used for acquiring specific knowledge about a particular matter, and for acquiring general knowledge about something [Landau: 2001]. The most important problems lexicographers face with [Hartmann: 2003]: 1. The selection of items for inclusion and their arrangement. The questions to be decided upon are: a. The type of lexical units to be chosen for inclusion; b. The number of items to be recorded; c. What to select and what to leave out in the dictionary; d. Which from of the language, spoken or written, or both, is the dictionary to reflect e. Should the dictionary contain obsolete and archaic units, technical terms, d