CONCEPTS ABOUT LANDSCAPES

Аннотация

This article describes the concepts of landscapes, the natural landscape and its characteristics. Keywords: Natural landscape, relief, plant, component. ПОНЯТИЯ О ЛАНДШАФТАХ Аннотация. В статье описываются понятия ландшафтов, природного ландшафта и его характеристика. Ключевые слова: Природный ландшафт, рельеф, растительность, компонент. A natural landscape is a repetitive combination of the climate, topography, vegetation and soil characteristics of a certain place as a single harmonious unity in certain regions of the earth. The science that studies the laws of such a combination is landscape science. It is the science of the landscape shell of the earth and its natural elements (natural-territorial and natural- anthropogenic complexes). Along with the concept of "landscape shell", the concepts of natural- territorial complex (THM) and landscape have taken the main place in classical landscape science. THM is defined as a collection of interrelated natural components (myogenic bases, air climate, water, soil, flora and fauna) in the form of regional compounds at different levels. To date, the concept of "landscape" is interpreted differently. The main thing is to understand the harmony of the landscape with nature, unity, as well as the landscape as a structural element of the landscape shell of the earth, including various rules. Landscapes, legally united in a broad or a certain space, create large physical-geographical systems such as physical-geographic provinces and countries, landscape regions. In turn, the landscapes themselves are composed of several small structural elements - local-scale THMs. The main components of natural regional complexes (geosystems) are natural components as interdependent processes of matter exchange, energies, and information. Today, it is accepted to group them into three small systems: - geoma - inorganic natural components: lithogenic bases (the upper part of the earth's crust and the relief of the earth's surface), air mass around the earth, natural waters; - biota - flora and fauna; - soil-intermediate or biocomposite (organomineral) subsystem. Each component has its own characteristics. Usually, material, energetic, and informational are separated separately. 662 ResearchBib IF-2023: 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Valume 1 Issue 8 ISSN: 3030-3753. VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2 The exchange of matter and energy between its components and parts is based on the interaction and connection of the geospheres that make up the geographic crust and ensure its development. This exchange is in the form of circulation of matter (for example: circulation of water, circulation of chemical elements, biological circulation, etc.). One of the most important features of the geographic crust is its integrity and the fact that it is a complete natural geographic complex. But its unity does not deny the existence of different natural geographical conditions in its different parts. In other words, the geographic crust itself is a single natural-geographical complex, while it is divided into various large and small natural geographic complexes. These natural- geographical complexes occupy different sizes depending on their size. For example, the largest of them is the geographical crust, the continents and oceans are smaller than it, the natural- geographic regions are even smaller, etc. k. Each of the natural geographic complexes we listed above, including the landscape, is a geosystem. Landscape has a unique scale among geosystems and is a part that forms a certain natural geographical region. At the same time, it is a derivative of a complex and dynamic set of smaller geosystems. Geosystems, including landscapes, are human habitats. They are also a source of many self-renewing natural resources, such as air, water, soil fertility, and biomass, which are necessary for human life. In order for these resources to be replenished and replenished, the exchange of matter and energy in geosystems must be preserved in the same way as it was created by nature. But man tries to create more comfortable and better conditions for his life, to create cultural landscapes that are more productive than natural landscapes. There is no doubt that as human society develops, its influence on nature increases, and the opportunity to change the norms and natural conditions of using natural resources increases. As a result of this, the negative influence of nature on human life and its activities in the economy begins to appear. The imbalance in the relationship between society and nature is causing negative consequences in some places. As a result, the issue of proper use of these existing natural resources, prevention of their poisoning and pollution, comprehensive improvement or efficiency of the environment in which people live has arisen. This issue is an urgent, complex, very diverse, including economic, social, political, cultural and scientific issue that requires multifaceted study. A positive solution to this issue, i