IMPORTANCE OF TURKEY IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF AFGHANISTAN (THE CASE OF SOFT POWER)

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION political, energy, raw material and food blackmail, Nowadays the concept of “power” occupies a threats, lobbying, etc. central place in the country’s foreign policy and is the starting point of political thought concepts. For After the Second World War, the competition for many years, in accordance with the theory of dominance in the international arena shifted from political realism, power was understood in the the military to the economic sphere. It was same sense as the "hard power" of the state. understood that there is a complex Proponents of this theory believe that power is the interdependence and that it is effective to seek main factor determining the development of common interests to solve problems. Governments international relations, in which only sovereign of various countries have begun to pay special states that have "hard power" and can use it against attention to foreign cultural policy, that is, activities each other participate. According to the theory of aimed at promoting national interests on a global realism, the main factor in the politics of states is scale and directly influencing various political, national interests. In the use of "hard power", the economic, and social processes in the world. Within state mainly relies on its material resources, the this policy, various cultural programs, called number of its population, the size of its territory, its cultural diplomacy, were implemented. natural and economic resources (wealth), and its METHODS military power. "Hard power" methods include Turkey's soft power potential is largely determined armed intervention, economic pressure, military, https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 85 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE07 by its history, culture and geography. It is the increasing role in humanitarianism. Former historical heritage and close cultural ties with the Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu (2009-2014) neighboring countries that ensured a high level of was the first to use the term humanitarian dynamism of relations with them. Even before the diplomacy to describe Turkey's foreign policy at establishment of the Republic of Turkey, the the center of the fifth Ambassadors' Conference Ottoman Empire, which covered three continents, held in January 2013 as part of the Heart of Asia - existed for 600 years, and in the eyes of the Muslim Istanbul Process. used as a topic [2]. During its rule, world, it appeared as the center of religious power the AKP tries to show Turkey's "true identity" by - the caliphate. Despite the fact that Turkey's emphasizing its place in Islamic civilization and its relations with Afghanistan do not have direct great past under the Ottoman Empire. In the territorial boundaries according to the historical relations with Afghanistan during the AKP era, we and cultural parameters, Turkey considers can observe the increase in the activity of Islamic Afghanistan as a country with which it should non-governmental non-profit organizations in establish close relations. On the one hand, Turkey's humanitarian diplomacy in addition to economic interest in Afghanistan is based on cultural and structures [3]. While "soft power" technologies are historical evidence. On the other hand, since being used in Turkey's foreign policy, in addition to Turkey considers Central Asia as a strategically non-governmental non-profit organizations, important region, it considers neighboring several foundations have become active at the Afghanistan as a part of its regional policy in its international level and engaged in humanitarian foreign affairs. For this reason, we have considered diplomacy. Although these non-governmental in the first chapter that he closely followed the organizations are independent from the state on changes in Afghanistan and took a direct part in paper, they cooperate with the AKP government in them. In addition, Afghanistan is the key that opens practice. Ankara has decided to use a combination the way to the gates of South Asia for Turkey. of "soft power" and less "hard power" strategies, each with its own strengths and weaknesses in In general, historical and cultural aspects have a Afghanistan's complex security environment. large share in the debate on Afghanistan in Turkey. Although Turkey still aims to present itself as a "big Almost any comment by an official Turkish analyst brother" on Afghan soil, it means that it has to show begins with a reference to the brotherly ties and itself on many fronts, mainly relying on soft power deep friendship between the two countries, and policy to improve the security, health, education ends with an emphasis on the fact that Turkey has and other social infrastructures in Afghanistan 1, 1 honored the task of helping Afghanistan in the billion US dollars invested[4]. formation of state institutions since the establishment of this country. RESULTS Looking at Turke