PROCEDURE FOR TECHNICAL SURVEY OF BEARING STRUCTURES OF MULTISTORY BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT OF THEIR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION damage that has occurred during the operation of The main component of the safety system of the building, determine the reasons for its buildings and structures is technical inspection. occurrence and search for effective options for During operation, buildings are constantly exposed eliminating defects. to negative external influences. As a result, even the most durable building objects wear out, which Main part leads to a decrease in the load-bearing capacity of The procedure and frequency of inspection is the constituent elements. To determine the clearly regulated by GOST 31937-2011 “Buildings condition of structures, prevent emergency and structures. Rules for inspection and situations and extend the service life of buildings, it monitoring of technical condition.”. is necessary to conduct special studies. In the process of carrying out maintenance of Technical inspection of buildings and structures is construction projects, priority is given to the a complex of multi-level studies, including control technical condition of the elements that are the and analysis of building structures for their actual most important for the trouble-free operation of technical condition. Based on the results of the the structure. technical inspection, the possibility of further safe operation of the buildings, the feasibility of These elements include: reconstruction or major repairs, or making other • soil base; decisions on the facility are determined. • foundation; The main task of the inspection is to identify • roofing structures (trusses); https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajet 21 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ISSN – 2689-0984) VOLUME 06 ISSUE06 • columns and walls; rules of operation of structures; • floors; • damage caused by dynamic and static impacts; • loggias and balconies; • destruction of individual parts or the building as a whole after earthquakes, floods, fires and other • bay windows, staircases; natural disasters. • nodes and joints of load-bearing structures. • The technical inspection system consists of It is necessary to conduct an inspection both for several stages, each of which involves the industrial and public facilities, and for residential performance of certain types of work depending on buildings. At the same time, structures under the period of operation of the building, the goals construction, regularly operated facilities and and objectives of its examination. buildings whose construction has been stopped for Preparation for maintenance is carried out in order 3 years or more are subject to technical inspection. to study the problem and includes: The most common reasons for research include: • collection and analysis of design estimates, as- • determination of the actual state of structures; built and other documentation available for the • assessment of technical condition after fire, flood facility; and other man-made and atmospheric impacts; • thorough analysis of the results of previously • before commissioning or demolition of a building; conducted studies; • before reconstruction, redevelopment or major • analysis of the customer's initial data. repairs; when defects are detected; At this stage, Terms of Reference for the survey and • when identifying deviations from design a program for carrying out research work are solutions; drawn up. • before purchase and sale and in a number of other Visual stage cases. It is carried out to obtain a preliminary assessment In each situation, maintenance requires a special of the technical condition of the object as a whole, approach and attention to various nuances, so its as well as its individual parts. implementation must be trusted to professionals. Visual work includes: Why is a building structure survey carried out? • general inspection of the structure and The main goal of a technical inspection is to identification of visible defects; determine the compliance of the actual condition of • drawing up defect reports; real estate with current technical regulations and • determination of the design features of the standards. In this case, both the constituent structure; elements of the building itself and the engineering systems and communications operating in it are • taking measurements to draw up sketches and subject to examination. diagrams; During the technical inspection of load-bearing • performing verification calculations. structures of operated facilities, the following are After all the work has been completed, the experts subject to identification: draw up a conclusion with relevant conclusions • damage resulting from deviations from the design and recommendations. or due to design errors; Instrumental stage. • defects in the construction of buildings, Instrumental studies are carried out in the installation of prefabricated structures; presence of significant damage (distortions, cracks, • damage that occurred due to violations of the wall breaks, etc.) and includ