The science of molecular genetics yesterday and today as well duties as gal

Аннотация

This article discusses the completion of human genome sequencing and the new postgenomic era in molecular genetics. The great achievements of molecular genetics, genomics, analysis of life are reported. Key words : molecular genetics, creative technologies, human genome, postgenomics, genomics. Annotation: This article discusses the completion of human genome sequencing and the new postgenomic era in molecular genetics. Information is provided on the great achievements of molecular genetics, genomics, and analysis of life. Key words : molecular genetics, creative technologies, human genome, postgenomics, genomics. Annotation: In this state, the completion of human genome sequencing and the new postgenomic era in molecular genetics are discussed. Predstavleny svedeniya o velikih dostizheniyax molecular genetic, genomic and analysis jizni. Key words: molecular genetics, creative technologies, human genome, postgenomics, genomics. Enter. Modern medicine is characterized by the rapid accumulation of new information about the fundamental and systemic foundations of life. Today, a necessary condition for the development of medicine is the high level of development of general biological and ecological sciences such as cytology, genetics, evolutionary theory, parasitology and ecology. Molecular genetics mainly studies the description of general biological laws characteristic of all living organisms. Over the years, many researchers have tried to unravel the processes involved in the human genome. Because the study of a person as a biosocial subject, paying attention to his biological characteristics, is important for the formation of medical thinking in students of medical and biological higher education institutions. The life forms of any living organism, from bacteria to humans, depend entirely on the cell's chromosomes, but their structure, diversity, preservation and evolution over several generations are determined by the genome. The genome is the genetic apparatus of the cell, which contains all the information necessary for the development of the organism, its existence in certain environmental conditions, evolution and the transmission of all hereditary characteristics to a number of generations. Genomics , the science that studies the molecular structure of the genomes of living organisms, is also developing. 302 The main part. The basis of the human genome is the DNA molecule, the " thread of life ", whose double-stranded structure was brilliantly predicted and confirmed by James Watson and Francis. Pieces of this thread make up genes, the coding parts of the genome that determine the structure of all proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA). Obtaining accurate information about the primary structure of the human genome, that is, its nucleotide sequence, as well as how many genes a person has and how they are organized on chromosomes, has attracted the attention of biologists, physicists, chemists and mathematicians in recent decades. has long attracted and continues to attract. Molecular genetics is aimed at the study of the material basis of heredity and variability of living beings, the processes of carrying out and changing the transfer of genetic information that occurred at the cellular and molecular level, as well as the method of its preservation. Molecular genetics emerged as an independent science in the 40s. Due to the introduction of new physico-chemical methods (x-ray diffraction analysis, chromatography, electrophoresis, high-speed centrifugation, electron microscopy, use of radioactive isotopes, etc.) into biology, the 20th century made it possible to study the functions and structure of individual components of the cell and the entire cell as a single system. gave New ideas of physics and chemistry, mathematics and cybernetics entered biology with new methods. Molecular genetics played an important role in the rapid development of the transfer of genetic research from higher organisms (eukaryotes), which are the main object of classical genetics, to lower organisms (prokaryotes) - bacteria and many other microorganisms, as well as viruses. The advantages of using simpler life forms to solve genetic problems are the rapid generational change of these forms and the possibility of studying a large number of strains at once, which greatly increases the accuracy of genetic analysis. In addition, the relative simplicity of the organization of bacteria and especially viruses facilitates the elucidation of the molecular nature of genetic events. Molecular genetics studies the molecular basis of genetic processes in simple and higher organisms and does not include the special genetics of prokaryotes, which occupy an important place in the genetics of microorganisms. In its short history, genetics has made great strides, deepening and expanding ideas about the nature of heredity and variation, and becoming the leading and fastest growing branch of genetics. One of the main achievements of molecular gene