MODERN SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EPIC “MAFOTIGUL GHAYB” BY FAKHRIDDIN ROZI

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Razi was known as “Shaykhulislam” and was the The famous scholar, commentator, encyclopedic, head teacher. logician, linguist, physician, philosopher Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn al-Husayn al- As in all times, Fakhriddin Razi's opponents Qurayshi Tabaristani , known as “Son of Khatib appeared and accused him of undermining the (Doctor)”, Fakhriddin Razi , recognized as the foundations of Islam in terms of religious belief, “Pride of the Religion”, was born in the city of Ray jurisprudence, and aqidah and trying to destroy the in 544 AH, 1148 AD. religion. The scientist said to them: “ قرف تاداقتعا نيكرشملا و نيملسملا” He refuted it in his work: He received his first knowledge from his father (“The difference of faith is a Muslim and a Ziyavuddin (Khatib of Ray). Although he began his polytheist”). education in the city of Marogha in Khorasan, he spent most of his life in Central Asia, Iran and Fakhriddin Razi spent the last years of his life in various cities in search of knowledge. There he met Herat and died here in 606 AH and 1209 AD. Ibn scientists, poets, and statesmen. Fazil ibn Ashur Khulokon in his book “ نايعلأا تايفو” “Wafiyat al- writes in the book “at-Tafsir var rijaluhu” that A'yan” expressed the opinion that: “According to Fakhriddin Razi went to the cities of Khurasan, the narration, he was poisoned by the Karromites, Bukhara, Samarkand, Khorezm, was in the lands of so he died as a result .” Iraq and Syria, and learned Persian and other Fakhriddin Razi wrote more than two hundred languages well . He was mostly in Bukhara, works . Creation can be divided into two stages. Samarkand, and Khorezm, which are the big cities Commentary on Ibn Sina's work “al-Isharat wal- of Central Asia, and served in the palace of tanbehot” (“Signs and Reprimands”) belongs to the Khorezmshah for three years. He became a mature first period of the scholar's work. Fakhriddin Razi scientist of his time. A special madrasa was widely used the works of ancient Greek scholars established for him in Herat, where Fakhriddin Aristotle, Heraclitus, Epicurus, Democritus, as well https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajssei 226 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION INNOVATIONS (ISSN- 2689-100X) VOLUME 06 ISSUE05 as the works of Farobi and Ibn Sina, famous in the later period of Allama's work. It differs from thinkers of the East, in his scientific work, other interpretations in the following aspects: especially in his philosophical treatises. 1. Describing the types and methods of recitation. Alloma based his approach to the problems of the 2. Interpreting verses with lexical explanations. development of science based on the teachings of 3. Effective use of the interpretations of previous Greek thinkers. He strengthened the ideas and scholars. teachings of scholars such as Qindi, Farabi and Ibn Sina. It aims not only to find answers to important 4 Elucidating jurisprudential issues, talking about and relevant questions, but also to connect them judgments derived from the verses. with reality. 5. Bringing the narrations about the revelation of Ibrahim Shamsiddin mentioned 75 works of the verses. Fakhriddin Razi in the introduction to the work 6. Interpretation of verses with their apparent “Tafsirul Kabir”. “Ilm Majolisi”, “ar-Risala al- meaning. kamoliya fi al-haqaiq al-ilahiya” (Scientific work on 7. Not to go deep in the interpretation of theology and metaphysics), “Sharhil Isharat”, Mutashabih verses. “Tahsilul Haq” (“Understanding the Truth”), “Nihayatul Uqul” (Among these are the works “The 8. Philosophical analysis of verses about Kavni Limits of Thought”), “Risala fin-nafs” (“Treatise on (creation of the world). the Self”), “Ilmul Akhlaq ” (On Ethics). “Mafatihul Ghayb” can be said to be one of the first His work “Munozarotu alloma Fakhriddin” philosophical interpretations of Islam. The works of (“Discussions of Alloma Fakhriddin”) contains commentators such as Muqatil ibn Sulaiman discussions and debates with Movarounnahr Marwazi, Abu Ishaq Salabi, Muhammad ibn Jarir scholars on various issues. Tabari, Abu Bakr Baqilani were usefully used in the interpretation of the verses . Also, the work on metaphysics “Kitobu mahsulul afkori al-mutaqaddimin wal-mutaxhirin” (“The Allama explained Surah Fatiha itself in 300 pages . product of the thoughts of previous and In his commentary on the surah, he stated the contemporary scientists”) deserves special following points: «There are 10 things in Surah attention in the life of society. In this work, Alloma Fatiha. Among them, there are 5 Rabbani such as calls the young generation to follow the example of «الله» (Allah), «برلا» (Robb), «نمحرلا» (Rahman), the lives of their great ancestors, to draw useful «محرلا» (Rahim) and «كلعملا» (Malik); There are 5 conclusions and lessons for taking the right steps special attributes of slaves, such as «ةيدوبعلا») on the path of life. Ubudiyat, «ةناعتسلاا» (asking for help), « بلت Fakh