THE ORIGIN OF THE KURDS: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND THEORIES

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Today’s world order is undergoing transformation One of the most numerous ethnic groups in the processes with new and unusual realities. Hybrid world, the Kurds require a careful study of the approaches are being followed by major power research, as well as a deep analysis of the centers in influencing strategically important theoretical views on their origin. regions. The political changes taking place in the The Kurds are one of the many ancient nations in world today have an impact on the lives of nations the world that could not have their own and ethnic groups in certain regions, and it is independent state. According to the latest data, the natural that there are certain forces and groups total number of Kurds is approximately 30-40 that seek to use this for their selfish interests. In million. 47-54 percent of them (about 15 million) such a complex period, threatening the territorial are in Turkey, 20-32 percent (6.6 million) in Iran, integrity and sovereignty of states, causing internal 16-20 percent (6 million) in Iraq, and the rest are political instability, intensifying the relations in other countries (2.8 million in Syria, 800,000 live between the national-ethnic groups living in these in Germany, 150,000 in Azerbaijan, 100,000 in states, creating “controlled chaos” among them is Israel, 10,000 in Lebanon, 40,000 in Turkmenistan, one of the directions of the dominant political 20,000 in the USA) . forces on the world stage in strengthening their sphere of influence. In fact, after the end of the Scientific discussions on the origin of the Kurds are bipolar system, a number of independent states numerous, and it can be noted that three different appeared on the world political scene, which are theoretical approaches have been developed. called titular nations. Unfortunately, some of the Xenophon’s theory. According to the records of the hotbeds of conflicts that have arisen in recent years historian Xenophon, the Kardukhians (Cardusians) also correspond to inter-ethnic conflicts. This, in are the first ancestors of the modern Kurds. They turn, requires proper establishment of the system were nomadic tribes who lived on the shores of the of national relations in multinational countries, as Black Sea in the fourth century BC . According to well as strengthening the atmosphere of trust some historical sources, the Cardusi were one of between peoples and nations. the tribes of the Medes, who were ruled by the https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajpslc 48 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY (ISSN- 2693-0803) VOLUME 06 ISSUE04 Persian king Cyrus and the Achaemenid dynasty. formed. We can see the Persian influence in the However, prominent orientalists such as Nyoldek, writing of the Kurds that has come down to us, but Hartmann and Weissbach do not consider the this does not support the opinion that the Persian terms Kurdish and Kardukh to be linguistically influence was formed from the Persians. equivalent . The ancient peoples, the Armenian and Georgian Marr’s theory. Academician Nikolay Marr, one of peoples, are the ancient peoples formed from the the major representatives of Kurdish studies in the mountains, and the Kurds later separated from world, believes in his research that the origin of the them and assimilated with the Muslim world, Kurds goes back to the Aryans. In other words, namely the culture of the Persians and Arabs, and according to Marr’s theory, the Kurds belong to the the culture and language of today’s Kurds was ancient peoples of the Caucasus. It is noteworthy formed. If you go and communicate with a real that N.Marr studies the roots of the formation of Kurdish family, the way they behave, the Kurds based on a sociolinguistic approach. In this construction of houses, and the culture of clothing regard, Marr’s theory presents the conclusion that will remind you of the Caucasus. Not Persians or the Kurds originated from the fusion of Georgians Arabs” . and Armenians socially, and some dialects of the Minorsky theory. Vladimir Minorsky, a Russian Persian language linguistically . However, the orientalist and diplomat, puts forward an approach Kurdish scientist tried to prove that the Kurds are that is the opposite of Marr’s theory regarding the closer to the Yafedite language than the Persian origin of the Kurds. According to the conclusion of language from the point of view of language. In our his research, the Kurds are the descendants of the conversation with the local Kurdish scholar, doctor Medes, more precisely, the Persians. Minorsky’s of political sciences, associate professor Farhod theory focuses on the linguistic factor in Karimov, we recorded the following thoughts determining the origin of the Kurds . According to about the historical origin of the Kurdish people: V. Minorsky, “language is the main factor in the “There are several views on the origin of the Kurds. formation of the national identity and