Some questions of studying the category of finality in the sentence structure of the english language

Аннотация

This article is devoted to the consideration of the aspect of category of finality in a sentence structure of the English language. The object of study is to consider the expression of finality. The expressions of processuality and actionality are proved by means of omission transformation. The research is carried out both in syntagmatic and paradigmatic terms. Key words: final syntaxema, syntactical, paradigmatics, finality category In traditional grammar, the syntactical analysis of sentences is carried out with the separation of the main and secondary members. (L.P.Vinokurova, 1954; V.N.Zhigadlo et al. 1956). Others analyze sentences in terms of structural linguistics. In this regard, R.H.Robins notes that “structural - an epithet that few linguists would currently reject in their works, as it bears the imprint of modernity and scientific thinking, no matter how different its applications are ... In the application to general linguistics as a whole, the term “structural” has a rather definite broad meaning, namely, it means that the elements and categories of linguistic description and analysis are established and explained taking into account their mutual relations in the system or systems of the corresponding language, and not a certain set of units, each of which has its own independent formal structure or meaning. Applied to syntax, perhaps this term is added less than applied to other levels of linguistic analysis ” (R.H.Robins, 1961). 36 All this suggests that the allocation of “structural linguistics” in its opposition to “traditional linguistics” does not have the proper theoretical foundations. It should be noted that the name “structural linguistics” is interpreted so differently and vaguely in linguistic literature. (See: A.Martinet, 1953; A.Juilland, 1961). Or, for that branch of linguistics, which we call linguistic analysis here, sometimes the name “system linguistics” is also used. However, this name is not able to serve the purpose of separating linguistic analysis from other sciences. Here or in this article there is no possibility to touch on different interpretations of the concept of a system in modern linguistics, which are no less diverse and contradictory than interpretations of the concept of structure. In this article, we consider adverbial modifier of purpose (finality) in the structure of English sentences based on linguistic methods, such as componential and syntax-based analysis, various types of transformations developed by Professor A.M.Mukhin and his students are used [A.M.Mukhin, 1968; 1976; 1980 ; U.U.Usmanov, 2015 and others.]. Componential analysis of the structure of sentences or surface structure of sentences is understood by us as the definition of the syntactic connection of syntactic units expressing finality (goals) with other elements in the structure of sentences in syntagmatic terms. This is reflected in the junctional models. On the basis of the junctional models, the differential syntactic features and their morphological characteristics of the syntactic elements are revealed, which are clearly reflected in the componential models. Differential syntactic - semantical features are revealed, i.e. the syntax and elemental composition of elementary syntactic units in the structure of this sentence, which is carried out in paradigmatic plan. Our object of study is to consider the expression of finality. Therefore, in order to prove the expressions of finality, this sentence is amenable to transformation adding in order to: At last I rose to go to bed → At last I rose in order to go to bed. When “to go” expresses the final syntaxema, it is combined with procedural actional syntaxema on the basis of subordinate connection. According to the transformation results, the omission “to go” already in the syntactic position expresses the procedural actional syntaxema and, on the basis of the nuclear predicative connection, is combined with the substantial agentive syntaxema. In the above analyzed sentence, the final syntaxema is expressed by an infinitive, but the factual material indicates that the final syntaxema can be expressed by a gerund in a prepositional combination: She used it for keeping small bits and odds. (Galsw) And the sign of causality in this structure is proved by replacing the preposition for with the combination because of: I was just on my way to hotel for a cup of tea. → I was just on my way to hotel because of a cup of tea. Variants of the final syntaxema in the Old Russian language, as noted by A.M.Mukhin, “... the system of variants of the final syntaxema in the Old Russian language includes combinations of prepositions in, in, on and pro with the accusative form” [A.M.Mukhin, 1980, 10]. The finality sign of the combination for + noun is manifested by the possibility of replacing for + noun by combining the infinitive of the goal with a noun or a combination for the sake of, or by transforming the addition of a combination in order to: 37 He prop