ISSUES OF DEVELOPMENT OF FORENSIC TRACOLOGICAL EXAMINATION Otabek Ganiev

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION Despite the variety of traces currently identified by various forensic scientists, “depending on the type The development of society does not stop it now of objects leaving a trace, four main groups of covers all spheres of public life, and the sphere of traces are distinguished: human traces combating and preventing crime is no exception. (homeoscopy); traces of weapons, tools and In the process of investigating crimes, law production mechanisms (mechanoscopy); traces of enforcement agencies should use modern vehicles and traces of animals" [3, B.9-10]. technologies that allow them to identify quickly the Material traces are reflections of mechanical, person guilty of committing an unlawful act. In this chemical, biological, thermal (thermal imaging), process, there are also great opportunities for and other types of impacts on the environment and forensic traceability examination. its individual objects. The subject of the study of It is worth noting that some foreign authors note traceology is precisely material traces. Imaginary that technology is currently developing rapidly, traces, on the other hand, are studied when and law enforcement agencies are lagging behind considering issues of tactics for conducting these processes [1]. Such cases lead to the need to individual investigative actions. study modern possibilities and prospects for the Currently, traceology has developed a system for development of forensic cross-examination. classifying material traces on different grounds and Traceology is a branch of criminology that includes at different levels [4]. In particular: traces the theoretical foundations of the process of trace according to their material condition are divided formation, the external structure of the objects that into: trace objects; trace substances; and trace left them, the mechanisms of trace formation, reflection. methods and means of detecting, recording, and Currently, forensic tracological examination has seizing traces, as well as general and particular ample opportunities for studying various material methods of studying traces to identify cases; it has traces of crimes. It should be noted that 30 years practical significance in solving and investigating ago, the objects of tracological examination were and crime prevention [2, B.44]. https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajpslc 40 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY (ISSN- 2693-0803) VOLUME 06 ISSUE02 mainly traces of shoes or vehicles; traces of other It is worth noting that at the moment insufficient objects were not studied during tracological attention is paid to the study of microtrasology in examination due to insufficient knowledge and the forensic literature. Most modern research capabilities for their study. concerns certain types of microcracks. Research on the study of microtrasology based on a holistic and At present forensic trace examination has a wide unified approach is currently unavailable [6, p. 60]. range of possibilities for studying various material traces of a crime. It is worth noting that 30 years It is necessary to develop a unified approach to the ago, the objects of trace examination were mainly definition of microtraces and microparticles and traces of shoes or vehicles; traces of other objects their classification, and standards for were not examined during trace examination, since microtrazological studies. there was not sufficient knowledge and There are other positive traditions in the opportunity to study them. development of the theory and practice of forensic This, in its turn, complicated significantly the forensic examinations. However, nevertheless, it investigation and detection of crimes for law can be noted that today all the possibilities of enforcement agencies, in particular, it did not allow judicial cross-examination have not yet been the preliminary investigation authorities to demonstrated. In particular, the issues of identify quickly the person responsible for the determining the ownership of shoes to a specific crime they were investigating. Only with the person, according to forensic cross-examination of development of technical progress, with the law enforcement agencies in practical activities, development of scientifically based research the presence of reflections of the palm of a person’s methods - microprints, traces of human skin folds, foot in its internal sphere and the age of etc. It is possible to study objects of traceological ejaculation; problems with identifying (remaining) examination, which is a progressive step in the traces reflected on an uneven surface (for example, development of traceological examination and its a concrete floor), and other similar problems are capabilities. very rare [5. S.163]. As a result of the analysis of forensic literature in There are other positive traditions in the the field of law enforcement practice and forensic development of the theory and practice of