ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN LINGUISTICS

Аннотация

ion. In this matter, the structural characteristics of the language in a certain culture (nation) are determined not only by the socio-national paradigm, but also by individual aspects such as thinking, psyche, perception of time axis. Within these problems, theorists and practitioners often divide linguistics into blocks in order to simplify its analysis and perception of the obtained results. The division is divided into the following components: 1) prelinguistics-study of aspects of the acoustic-articulatory nature of vocal speech; 2) microlinguistics - sharp attention to the structure of the language from the point of view of sound, morphology, syntax, vocabulary component; 3) extralinguistics - based on the relationship between language and society, thinking, communication, emotions, aesthetics. The process of language origin and development is also one of the urgent problems. This is due to the fact that there is no clear and precise explanation of how and why language appeared, why there is a large diversity of languages in the world community, what are the factors of external and internal formation and development of language. Today, an aspect in the field of the origin and development of writing, in particular, how sound is related to graphics, what is the scope of the principles of spelling, why types of writing have changed over time only among some peoples and not others. There are issues with the classification approach to languages. It is unclear how many language classifications will exist within this issue; why some languages should be classified and others should not; what are the main principles of separating or combining languages. For many specialists, the diversity of research methods and methods in linguistics is also a global problem. The reason for this is that many research technologies available in the field of language today help to choose the wrong or irrelevant methodological tools when conducting certain scientific activities. In turn, this leads to poor quality, incorrect results, loss of time, and misunderstandings in some issues of linguistics. The spectrum of applied linguistics and the relations of linguistics with other scientific fields is also a problematic paradigm. This is explained by the lack of specificity in the competences of applied linguistics today, the lack of understanding of the possibilities of interaction of linguistics with other disciplines, the lack of understanding of the prospects of applying the synthesis of linguistics with other areas of human knowledge [2]. It should be noted that today the range of topical problematic aspects of linguistics is much wider. However, it is necessary to believe that the considered problems are first-rate and dominant, since they cover the widest range of theoretical foundations of linguistics. Intercultural communication refers to the process of communication between people representing different cultures. If we consider this concept from the point of view of the discipline, then intercultural communication interprets the discipline that studies the communication processes between different cultures and social groups and the influence of cultures on this communication process [3]. VOLUME04 ISSUE02 25 EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCESISSN: 2751-1715 In the modern world, the process of intercultural communication is often carried out: tourists travel abroad, businessmen participate in business negotiations with foreigners, scientists and specialists participate in roundtable discussions, conferences, seminars in other countries. Thus, the whole spectrum of the main problems of intercultural communication today can be divided into problems of verbal and non-verbal communication, problematic aspects of acceptance or rejection of intercultural communication at the personal level of human consciousness. Clarification of Meaning: Actions such as ambiguity and irony create problems with the meaning of language. These problems can limit the ability of NLP systems to correctly understand meanings and perform good analysis on texts [1, p. 496]. Highly Mastered Language: Despite the tasks involved, mastering NLP models is not easy. Each data area and task requires separate methods and corresponding models for its types. Explaining the relationship between words: The meaning of a word or text can depend on the context. In such cases, the correct understanding and translation of the relationship between words can cause difficulties. Artistic and easy expression: Explaining artistic texts and making these texts read, write, or write well are more difficult for systems. Such problems create great challenges for models who cannot help learning language arts, word arts, stories, and the use of devices. Lack of practice materials: It can be difficult to collect high-quality practice materials for several different fields and languages. Mastering the models requires a large amount of data, hands-on training, time,