THE ROLE OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN SCREENING OF CERVICAL EPITHELIAL PATHOLOGY WITH DETERMINATION OF P16INK4A PROTEIN EXPRESSION

Аннотация

INTRODUCTION explored using comprehensive bioinformatics More than 300,000 women die from cervical cancer tools and identifying biomarkers associated with each year. About 90% of new cases and deaths in cancer. National models for the early diagnosis of 2020 occurred in low- and middle-income precancerous lesions of the cervix are being countries. In Uzbekistan, cervical cancer is the developed using large-scale screening datasets, as second most common cancer among women of all well as tele-education and tele-mentoring ages and the second most common cause of death programs for cervical cancer prevention [1]. among women of childbearing age after breast cancer [5,7]. Most of these deaths are due to late In world practice, large-scale work on social diagnosis. In this regard, the most pressing issues protection of the population and improvement of are to improve the detection, diagnosis and the healthcare system is currently ongoing. In this prevention of precancerous and cancerous direction, in particular, in improving the results of diseases of the cervix [3]. early diagnosis and prevention of precancerous and cancerous diseases of the cervix, positive Currently, the most relevant research in the world results have been achieved [5]. At the same time, to practice is to improve the early diagnosis, improve the provided diagnostic and preventive treatment and prevention of cervical cancer, the care, evidence-based results are required to diagnostic, prognostic and immunological role of optimize the screening of precancerous and the expression of various proteins is being studied, cancerous diseases of the cervix. The development which can provide additional opportunities for strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 in seven establishing diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, priority areas includes tasks to improve the quality as well as targets for preventive action. [8] Gene of the provision of qualified medical services to the Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets are being https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajmspr 34 THE USA JOURNALS THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH (ISSN – 2689-1026) VOLUME 06 ISSUE01 population. The implementation of these tasks, the cervical canal. including the improvement of the results of A disposable instrument is used to take the treatment and prevention of cervical cancer material, which includes a spatula, brush and glass through a new innovative approach to early slides. A fence is taken after the menstrual cycle, diagnosis and prognosis, is one of the topical after careful processing and cleaning of cervical areas[2,5]. mucus, by lightly scraping with an Eyre spatula. MATERIALS AND METHODS The brush is also carefully inserted and a swab is taken from the canal in a clockwise circular motion. In the course of this study during 2020-2021 10,716 women aged 25-65 years (mean age - Cytological studies with a parvil approach, atypical 43.28±3.82 years) were examined, who did not cells can be detected if there is no inflammatory present complaints, indicating gynecological process, when there is a microbial flora. Therefore, pathology and did not have a history of erosive to start the study, it is necessary to sanitize the lesions of the cervix. All examined women vagina and re-take the material for cytological underwent a PCR test to detect HPV DTCs in the examination. cells of the cervical mucosa. Cells were obtained by Expression of the p16INK4a protein on the surface taking with a special brush. As a result, groups of of epithelial cells is determined during HPV-positive (HPV+) and HPV-negative (HPV-) immunocytochemical studies.This protein blocks women were identified. Also, all the subjects the stimulation of cell division by inhibiting cyclin underwent an examination of the cervix in dependent kinase. The mechanism of mitosis gynecological mirrors to visually determine the inhibition by the p16INK4A protein is mediated by state of the mucosal epithelium and cytological the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Under examination by the Papanicolaou method. During conditions of decreased activity of cyclin the examination, all examined women were dependent kinase, pRb phosphorylation stops, pRb divided into a group with unchanged cervical binds and inactivates the E2F transcription factor, mucosa (PAP-) and a group with erosive changes in blocking its mitotic activity. HPV DNA in the host the mucosa. genome triggers the expression of the E6 and E7 All women included in the HPV+ and PAP+ groups oncogenes, which in turn bind pRb s, disrupt E2F underwent colposcopy and biopsy of the cervical inhibition, and promote uncontrolled mitotic mucosa, as well as the determination of the SCC activity. Interestingly, a negative p16INK4A test in tumor marker and the determination of P16INK4A HPV-positive women is associated with a low risk protein expression. of precancerous cervical lesions. In case of detection of LSIL, electrocoagulation of An immunoass