STATE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES AND OBESITY

Аннотация

The role of intestinal microbiota in the development and prevention of metabolic dysfunctions is increasing. The symbiotic relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the body ensures the proper development of the human metabolic system. At the same time, disturbances in the composition and, in turn, functionality of the intestinal microbiota can disrupt the function of the intestinal barrier and subsequently serve as a switch for metabolic endotoxemia. Chronic inflammation, caused by the entry of bacterial particles into the bloodstream through disruption of the intestinal barrier, has a significant impact on the accumulation of body fat and the development of insulin resistance. Recent evidence suggests that some bacteria influence the endocannabinoid system outside the gastrointestinal tract, mediated by gut hormones and metabolites from other systems. When the numbers of certain bacterial species begin to decline, the symbiosis is disrupted, leading to deterioration in the host's metabolic health. This article describes the complex axis between the microbiota and host metabolism.