Синхронный перевод как крайний вид познавательного процесса

Аннотация

Данная научная статья посвящена изучению синхронного перевода как экстремального вида когнитивного процесса. Синхронный перевод представляет собой особый вид профессиональной деятельности, требующий высокого уровня когнитивных способностей, включая внимание, память, концентрацию, логическое мышление и языковые навыки. В работе рассматриваются особенности когнитивной нагрузки при синхронном переводе, применение различных стратегий обработки информации, а также влияние стрессовых факторов на качество когнитивной работы переводчика. Ключевые слова: синхронный перевод, когнитивные процессы, внимание, память, стратегии перевода, стресс. Annotation. This scientific article is devoted to the study of simultaneous translation as an extreme type of cognitive process. Simultaneous interpreting is a special type of professional activity that requires a high level of cognitive abilities, including attention, memory, concentration, logical thinking and language skills. The paper examines the characteristics of the cognitive load during simultaneous interpreting, the use of various information processing strategies, as well as the influence of stress factors on the quality of the interpreter’s cognitive work. Keywords: simultaneous translation, cognitive processes, attention, memory, translation strategies, stress Simultaneous interpreting, as a type of professional activity, is a complex cognitive process that requires high concentration, working memory, logical thinking and high language skills. In the process of simultaneous translation, the translator must simultaneously perceive, analyze and transmit information in another language, while maintaining semantic integrity and stylistic adequacy. 518 “Arab tili globallashuv davrida: innovatsion yondoshuvlar va o‘qitish metodikasi” mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman According to researchers, the periods of simultaneous speaking between the translator and the speaker coincide on average by 70%, i.e., most of the time the translation is carried out in a synchronous mode. At the same time, the most important factor in the complexity of the type of translation under consideration is the synchronicity of cognitive processes occurring during the implementation of this type of speech activity. The translator must simultaneously monitor the original speech, analyze it and reproduce it in the target language, which creates a significant load on the processes of attention and memory, as a result of which the translator is in a state of stress, which can be expressed at the verbal and non- verbal level in the process of simultaneous translation. As the researchers point out, “each cognitive mechanism of simultaneous translation is responsible for a certain segment of the simultaneous translation process. Cognitive mechanisms of simultaneous translation function mainly simultaneously with each other due to the peculiarities of this type of speech activity, mutually complementing each other. The basis for a successful translation act is laid by the mechanism of perception and understanding. The cognitive load on the process of simultaneous translation requires the simultaneous interpreter to have the ability to continue developing the speaker’s thoughts in the target language, while creating a logical sequence of sentences, preserving the correct content of the information coming from the speaker. Thus, the process of simultaneous translation is characterized by an increased cognitive load, since it involves “the simultaneous occurrence of several cognitive processes (components of simultaneous translation), the key of which are perception and understanding, memory, search (development) of translation solutions and equivalents, speaking and self-control. An experiment was conducted using EEG, the data obtained on brain activity showed that simultaneous interpreters work in a mode of dynamic redistribution of attention. In particular, as the lag behind the speaker increases, the depth of information processing decreases, which the translator hears at the moment. This is explained by the fact that the greater the time lag, the greater the load on working memory; the more cognitive resources allocated to retaining previous information, the fewer resources are available to process new information. When performing simultaneous interpreting, translators often use various information processing strategies, such as understanding the context in advance, using abbreviations or symbols to reduce translation time, maintaining logical coherence in the translation when unexpected situations arise, and making instant decisions about choosing the best translation option. This mechanism allows the translator to “determine the specific meaning of a word in the flow of information, understand the overall meaning of the statement, as well as the speaker’s intention”. The trial and error strategy is one of the methods for achieving equivalence and adequacy in joint ventures. Schweitzer defines it a