Роль зеленых мест в градостроительстве

Аннотация

This article discusses the main aspects of the improvement of the city. The role of green spaces in urban planning, as well as the relevance of landscaping the territories of residential neighborhoods. Аннотация: Ushbu maqolada shaharlarni obodonlashtirishning asosiy jihatlari muhokama qilinadi. Yashil maydonlarning shaharsozlikdagi roli, shuningdek, turar-joy mavzelari hududlarini obodonlashtirishning dolzarbligi. Ключевые слова: архитектура, эстетичность, культурогенез, этногенез, автохтонные этносы. Keywords: architecture, aesthetics, culturogenesis, ethnogenesis, autochthonous ethnic droups. Kalit so’zlar: arxitectura, estetika, madaniy genezis, etnogenez, avtoxton etnik guruhlar. Urban plantings are inextricably linked with the planting tracts of the suburban area and constitute an integral system that can be classified by use, location, natural state and hygienic value. The size of the city’s green spaces characterizes the level of its improvement and convenience of living for the population. Green spaces - city and district parks, gardens, squares, boulevards - are part of the overall greening system of the city. It should be noted that these indicators do not take into account public green spaces in microdistricts, as well as limited-use plantings on the soils of residential buildings, plots, schools, etc., which play a large role in the overall landscaping system. Non-residential green spaces located within urban development consist of forest parks, botanical gardens, nurseries, forest shelterbelts and other green spaces for special purposes. Main goals: - a harmonious combination of technical structures and green spaces. - restoration of disturbed areas - organization of mass recreation for the population - protection of individual elements of the natural landscape. Methods of landscape organization of territories depend on the natural properties of the area and the nature of economic activity within its boundaries. These methods should be based on the general tasks of development and transformation of the natural environment. The natural properties of the city’s landscapes have a specific impact on the processes of its transformation, improvement and the nature of improvement. [1] The system of green spaces and open spaces of the city is oriented towards improving the living environment, the best organization of mass recreation for the population, enriching the external appearance of the city and consists of intra-city and suburban plantings. Urban plantings are inextricably linked with tracts of plantings in the suburban zone, originating far outside the city, continuing in the forest park belt, penetrating into the city and reaching its central part. The uses of urban green spaces are varied. They are intended for various types of recreation and form protective and security strips. By location relative to the city and purpose, one can distinguish suburban and suburban plantings (forests, forest parks, national parks, nature reserves, protective zones of water intakes, etc.) and urban plantings of general and limited use (parks and gardens, squares and boulevards, protective strips, plantings inside industrial and residential areas). According to the state of the plantings, they can be divided into suburban and suburban, preserving their natural appearance, and urban, which are artificial plantings adapted for the constant presence of large masses of people on their territory and alternating with buildings. In terms of health and hygiene, plantings, regardless of their location, can be divided into 2 large groups. One is of general educational importance, the other protects people from the harmful effects of industrial emissions into the atmosphere, from industrial and transport noise. The territorial development of the city should include the preservation, restoration and appropriate use of all valuable objects of the natural landscape - natural forests, banks, rivers, lakes, hills, etc., their organic inclusion in the planning structure of the city. [2] The areas of green spaces for limited use and special purposes are not standardized and are determined by existing planning and other conditions. The system of green spaces in a residential area can be divided into the following types according to the functional purpose and nature of the plantings: landscaping of the residential area; neighborhood garden; landscaping areas of kindergartens; landscaping of residential streets and pedestrian paths. Landscaping of the residential area (yards of residential groups, stripes between the building line and the red line, utility yards, protective strips) should be 40-45% of the area of the entire residential area of the microdistrict. In the residential area, landscaping is provided for a recreation area for young children and a quiet area for adults. The microdistrict garden may include: purely green areas; bodies of water; paths (1-2 m wide); recreation areas for adults and children; landscaped sports