pejoration. Инглиз ва қорақалпоқ тилларида редупликациянинг семантик хусусиятлари

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Редупликация, инглиз ва Қорақалпоқ каби кўплаб Инглиз тилида тилларда кузатиладиган кенг тарқалган ҳодиса, кўплик ва редупликация, интенсивлик каби турли маъноларни англатади. Уларнинг Қорақалпоқ тилида фарқларига қарамай, иккала тил ҳам редупликация орқали редупликация, маънолар тўплами, ифодаланган ўхшаш семантик тўпламларни намойиш кўплик, етади. Ушбу тадқиқот ушбу тилларда редупликациянинг интенсивлик, умумий семантикасини ўрганади. пежоратив. 1 PhD student, Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz. E-mail: baxitgul.kdirbaeva@ndpi.uz Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 Семантические свойства редупликации в английском и каракалпакском языках АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: Редупликация, распространенное явление, наблюдаемое английская редупликация, во многих языках, таких как английский и каракалпакский, каракалпакская передает различные значения, такие как множественность редупликация, и интенсивность. Несмотря на свои различия, оба языка набор значений, множественность, демонстрируют сходные семантические наборы, интенсивность, выражаемые посредством редупликации. В этом пейоративность. исследовании исследовано общая семантика редупликации в этих языках. SUMMARY This study examines the phenomenon of reduplication, which is the repetition of words or parts of words in order to create new meanings. The focus of this study is on English and Karakalpak, two languages that, despite their differences, employ reduplication in similar ways. Firstly, the paper provides definitions of reduplication, as given by scholars such as Sapir (1921) and Moravcsik (1992). It then proceeds to examine primary research on reduplication in both English and Karakalpak. In particular, studies by Jespersen et al. (1954), Thun (1963), Marchand (1960), Quirk et al. (1985), Merlini Barbaresi (2008), and Mattiello (2013) are of particular note in the field of English literature. In the field of Karakalpak research, the works of Baskakov (1952), Nazhimov (1971), Bekbergenov (1979), and Dauletov et al. (1994) are also worthy of note. In cross-linguistic research, the works of Sapir (1921), Moravcsik (1992), Regier (1994), Ferguson (1975), Ghomeshi et al. (2004), Grohmann and Nevins (2004), and Sergienko (2021) are worthy of consideration. The research primarily demonstrates how scholars have identified a range of meanings conveyed through reduplication, including intensity, plurality, and pejoration. Secondly, the study examines how English reduplicatives frequently exhibit semantic ambiguity due to their associations with vague concepts. They contribute to the expansion of the vocabulary by offering unique and fully lexicalised phrases. The echo- reduplication structures in English and Karakalpak languages frequently convey negative implications, although the extent of this varies according to the context and the specific meaning conveyed. Thirdly, the Karakalpak reduplication is analysed. The examples illustrate how reduplication conveys plurality (tilkim-tilkim ‘shreds’), intensification (qıp-qızıl ‘very red’), and similar concepts explored in English reduplication. Furthermore, the study by Regier (1994) is referenced, which proposes a “universal radial category of concepts” for reduplication, with repetition at its centre. To illustrate, this concept can be employed to elucidate the function of reduplicated words for birds. Reduplication is a common linguistic phenomenon in both English and Karakalpak languages, as well as in numerous other languages. Across languages, the meanings 203 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 1 (2024) / ISSN 2181-3701 expressed through reduplication are similar, despite the variety of concepts expressed through this linguistic phenomenon. The objective of this study is to examine the semantics of reduplication in English and Karakalpak, with a particular focus on the common set of meanings that both languages share. As previously stated, reduplication is a pervasive linguistic phenomenon observed in numerous languages. Sapir (1921) notes that reduplication is "the repetition of all or part of the radical element" (p. 79). Moravcsik (1992) provides a more detailed definition of reduplication, stating that it is "a pattern where the double or multiple occurrence of a sound string, syllable, morpheme, or word within a larger syntagmatic unit is in systematic contrast with its single occurrence, with the iterated elements filling functionally non-distinct positions" (p. 323). Consequently, reduplication can be total or partial. The latter type can be further subdivided into subtypes that are "logically possible" (Moravcsik, 1978, p. 304). Ghomeshi, Jackendoff, Rosen and Russell (2004) present a more extensive range of types and subtypes, including "baby-