УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ СВОЙСТВ НИЗКООКТАНОВОГО БЕНЗИНА

Аннотация

This article reflects on improving the environmental and operational properties of low-octane gasoline. Key words: fuel oil, motor gasoline, petroleum product. УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ СВОЙСТВ НИЗКООКТАНОВОГО БЕНЗИНА Аннотация. В этой статье рассматриваются вопросы улучшения экологических и эксплуатационных свойств низкооктанового бензина. Ключевые слова: мазут, автомобильный бензин, нефтепродукты. Currently, motor gasoline is the most widely known and widespread petroleum product. One third of the oil produced worldwide is processed into motor gasoline. In the near future, the value of motor gasoline will remain. One of the main problems of environmental safety of the population is the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment and public health. Reducing the negative impact of cars on the environment is achieved primarily by improving engines and tightening standards for emissions with exhaust gases. The concept of "environmentally friendly motor fuels" covers a wide range of fuel characteristics: reducing the sulfur content, introducing oxygenates, reducing the content of benzene and other aromatic and olefin hydrocarbons, increasing the octane numbers of gasoline and the use of an additive package. Recently, in order to save oil fuels, fusel oil (CM) has been added to them - a by-product of rectification of ethyl alcohol, which is a mixture of low molecular weight alcohols and a small amount of other organic compounds [1]. Analysis of existing methods of utilization of fusel oil, which accumulates in large quantities at alcohol industry enterprises, has shown that fusel oil can be used to produce industrial alcohols, as a catalyst in the microbiological industry in the production of feed yeast, in some chemical technologies (during graphite flotation, to obtain classifiers, etc.) There is information in the literature [2] about the use of fusel oil as an additive to diesel fuel and fuel oil for heating systems. The advantages of its use are low cost and utilization of waste from the alcohol industry. Studies conducted at the ANC ITMO NASB [2] have shown that fusel oil, according to its characteristics, can be attributed to a fuel that does not pollute the environment (Table 1). Table 1 Characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels 1 66 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Fuel Parameters Fuel oil Diesel fuel Fusel oil Density, kg/m3 960-1030 930-970 830-840 Viscosity, sSt 59-118 3,5-6,0 5,5-5,8 Flash point, 0С 90-140 40-60 37-40 Ignition temperature, 0С 385 240-370 400 Combustion temperature, kcal/kg 9500-9700 9500-10200 8000-8200 It should be noted that according to its parameters, this fusel oil is heavy and closest to diesel fuel. The tests of thermal engineering and environmental indicators of the boiler of heating systems carried out by the same authors when working on 100% fusel oil and 100% diesel fuel gave almost the same result. It has been established that fusel oil is equivalent to diesel fuel in its thermophysical, technological and thermomechanical characteristics, but much cheaper than the latter: when fusel oil is burned, the ecology of the environment improves due to the fact that the exhaust gas consists only of CO , H O and oxidized nitrogen of the air. 2 2 In this paper, the possibility of increasing the concentration of fusel oil to 35% is considered when it is added to AI-80 gasoline [3,4]. The qualitative and quantitative composition of fusel oil was established by gas-liquid chromatography [5] and the following composition was identified in it (Table 2). Table 2 Qualitative and quantitative composition of fusel oil Alcohols Composition, % mass N- propyl 3,69 Iso – propyl 5,90 Butyl 7,50 Iso – butyl 8,76 Mixture of isoamyl alcohols 68,48 Impurity 5,67 Mixtures of gasoline with fusel oil with concentrations of 5,10,15,20,25,30 and 35% by weight were prepared and octane numbers were determined for them on a single-cylinder universal unit UIT-85. The following results were obtained (Table 3). Table 3 Changing the anti-knock properties of low-octane gasoline AI-80 with the addition of fusel oil Gasoline mixture + CM octane Octane ∆ octane % Increase in number number number octane increase number Gasoline + 5 % CM 82,6 2,6 2,3 3,25 Gasoline + 10 % CM 84,9 4,9 2,3 6,15 Gasoline + 15 % CM 87,2 7,2 1,8 9,0 1 67 International scientific journal ISSN: 2181-3906 «MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH» 2023 VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 10 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ Gasoline + 20 % CM 89,0 9,0 1,4 11,25 Gasoline + 25 % CM 90,4 10,4 1,7 13,00 Gasoline + 30 % CM 92,1 12,1 1,8 15,75 Gasoline + 35 % CM 93,9 13,9 - 17,35 As can be seen from the above data, the improvement of anti-knock indicators of mixed fuel takes place in the entire range of fusel oil concentrations. However, if we consider the data obtained from the standpoint of the value of the increments of octane number (∆ octane number), it can be