Improvement of Caries Prevention Methods for Children with Mental Retardation INDIAMINOVA Gavkhar Nuriddinovna

Аннотация

In modern society, diseases of the oral cavity are of humanitarian, socio - economic significance. Today, tooth decay and periodontal disease remain the most common dental disease not only among adults, but also among younger populations around the world. According to recent epidemiological studies conducted on healthy children, the incidence of dental pathology is high, with the prevalence of caries among healthy age groups 12-15 years old is 63.3-83 years, 4% and 81.7-88.7%, intensity 3.02 -3.75 and 4.6-5.73, and the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in the group of healthy 12-year-old children ranged from 37.8% to 50%, in the 15-year-old group of children it ranged from 57.7% to 84, 7%. The prevalence of caries is also high in children with mental retardation of preschool and school age, while the intensity of caries is higher in children aged 13–18 years with mild mental retardation (MAD). These indicators increase with age and depend on the severity of the underlying disease. We carried out a program for the prevention of dental diseases in children with disabilities, however, most of them were focused on children with mild and moderate mental retardation, where not only the degree of mental retardation was taken into account, but also teaching them oral care skills, the degree of socialization and the child's diet. Keywords: Dental caries, periodontal disease, epidemiological study, caries intensity, mental retardation. years in mentally retarded children suffering from Introduction: The purpose of the study: To increase the Down syndrome effectiveness of providing therapeutic and preventive dental care to children with mental retardation based 5. Develop and implement a dental disease prevention on the implementation of a program for the prevention program for mentally retarded children living in a of dental diseases, taking into account their limited boarding school, taking into account their limited capabilities in the Samarkand region. health opportunities, using a differentiated approach in teaching oral hygiene. Research objectives: METHODS 1. To study the actual state of dental care for children with intellectual disabilities living in orphanages in the This study is conducted at the specialized boarding Samarkand region. school No. 62 for children with mental retardation located in the city of Samarkand, including between 6, 2. To study the level of dental morbidity in children with 9 and 12-year-old boarding school students. Depending mental retardation living in orphanages and to identify on the age, gender, diet, type of major neurological its dependence on some external factors (Samarkand diseases, the presence of Down syndrome and the region). degree of socialization of the children accepted in the 3. To conduct a microbiological examination of plaque study, it is planned to study the hygienic condition of a to assess the risk of dental diseases in mentally special program used for a certain period of time aimed retarded children. at the prevention of dental diseases, the level of their 4. To analyze the dynamics of caries intensity during 3 effectiveness is determined. In groups of 6, 12, and 15- American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 122 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141) year–olds, the distribution was as follows: 15, 20, and The following indicators were evaluated: 25 children aged 6, 12, and 15 were assigned to -prevalence of caries; subgroup 1 (socialized children + conditionally free -the intensity of caries of permanent teeth according to meals), respectively; 15, 30, and 25 children were the KPU index; -the clinical condition of periodontal assigned to subgroup 2 (unsocialized children + tissues was assessed by the PMA index in the Parma regulated meals). 6, 12, and 15 years old, respectively modification. -hygienic condition of the mouth (using (Table -1). the simplified index of hygiene of the mouth according Prevalence of dental caries in subgroups of 6, 12, and to Green – Vermillion). 15-year-old mentally retarded children (Table -1) Age Prevalence of caries (%) 1п 1пД 2п 2пД 6 33,0 0,0 0,0 0 12 64,0 20,0 17,0 0 15 85,0 33,0 22,0 0 Note*: 1p- socialized children + conditionally free meals; 2p- unsocialized children + regulated nutrition. (Table -2) Indicators of gingivitis (RMA) severity in subgroups of mentally retarded children with different socializations (Table -2) Age the subgroup РМА р 6 1п 5,0 [0,0;12] 0,004— 2п 27 [4,0;33] 12 1п 25,5 [9,0;35,8] 0,002— 2п 48,5 [26;67,8] 15 1п 25,0 [6,8;36,3] 0,005— 2п 42,0 [25,8;65,3] Note: 1p – Socialized children + conditionally free meals; 2p – Unsocialized children + regulated meals; 1pD – Socialized children + conditionally free meals +with-m Down; 2pD – Unsocialized children + regulated nutrition+with-m Down To assess the risk of dental diseases, a microbiological Remineralizing therapy- applying fluoride-containing st