Трансформация социального капитала в этносоциальных процессах

Аннотация

This article provides a sociological analysis of the processes of social capital development, with some comments by the researcher on the development of the components of social capital based on previous research. Keywords: integration, globalization, nation, family, mentality, identity, social character, social stereotypes, capital. If any opportunity is not focused on adapting to needs in the form of capital, then there will be a need for potential. It can therefore be argued that human activity adapts all components to itself. Human capital includes a number of components of socio-biological integrity and directs it to society. These include: demographic, health, education, labor, cultural, civic, spiritual-ethical, information ownership, and the like. Each of the identified components corresponds to the types of socially necessary activities and functional imperatives as capital. For example, the demographic component defines the forms of social capital for new generations, the health component organizes activities aimed at restoring the physical and mental health of society, educational capital includes knowledge and experience, and labor in the production of goods and services. In the process of the occurrence of social capital, the weakening, loss of connections between individual systems of needs, abilities, and interactions can lead to the deformation of human potential, i.e., decline. Strengthening the systems that enable capital, keeping them in a stable condition, serves to enrich the process described. In the process of description, it can be admitted that any capital moves when it consists of specific components. The network components of any society and its subsystems can develop only if they are firmly linked to the economic factor, and economic development determines the socio-biological environment. Improving the living conditions of the population, along with improving the quality of life, will be the basis for the development of social capital in the country. "Social capital" is one of the most widely used concepts in the economic literature. Because social capital plays an important role in the social development of the state. In the scientific literature, the term "Social Capital" was coined by L.D. Hanifan [1. c.130-138] was first interpreted in 1916 as a form of social relations in small rural communities. By 1980, the French political scien- tist P. Burche [2.] Created the scientific theoretical basis for the political and sociological interpretation of the term "social capital". Also, American scholars such as political scientist J. Kaulman (1990), sociologist A. Portes (1986), R. Patnem (2000) have studied the phenomenon of social capital, the sources of its formation and development. XXVII International scientific conference | www.naukaip.ru НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ 160 Definitions of the concept of "social capital" in the literature focus on ethical norms, trust and effective co- operation as factors of prosperity and development. It should be noted that trust is a common feature of any social capital. Trust is a basic and necessary condition of social capital. Accumulated social capital is also used to determine the place and social status of the individual in society. In modern society, the stratification system is not only measured by economic factors, but also by social factors. In particular, the German philosopher N. Luman argues that trust, as a social mechanism, governs uncertain social relations and reduces risk [3.c.1-7]. F. Fukuyama introduced the concept of trust-based social capital: “Trust” is a social phenomenon in which people work together to meet needs for a specific purpose and outcome. The role of the family in the formation of sources of social capital and resources is invaluable ”[4.c.64]. Democratization of all spheres of social life, changes in the socio-political and economic spheres play an important role in the development of the country's social capital. This, in turn, is the main criterion for meeting the social needs of man, social protection, non-violation of personal rights, building a democratic and legal state, in short, respect for human dignity and values. Commitment to the implementation of tasks of socio-economic and cultural significance on the basis of formed social capital requires, first of all, the full application of the principles of social justice in social life. This requires a conscious creative approach to labor, evaluation of its effectiveness and quality, adherence to the law of self-regulation in the labor process. If all of the above is introduced into social life, then a person will have fulfilled his civic duties in society. As human capital is formed under the influence of direct interactions, we want to focus on the types of human relationships. Hence, these are: a) a social movement; b) social interaction; c) social relations; d) social control; d) social organization; e) social institutions [5.c.402]. While these are