THE ROLE OF EMBROIDERY AND HOME WORK IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

This article discusses the creation of favorable economic and social conditions for the revival of forgotten traditional handicrafts in Uzbekistan in recent years and the future development of its surviving varieties. In the Soviet era, domestic labor was initially opposed for political and ideological reasons, but later, under the notion of “self-employment,” domestic production was not strongly opposed, but not enough attention was paid to its development. KEYWORDS: - Favorable economic, social conditions, traditions, handicrafts, Uzbekistan, development, surviving varieties, Soviet era, domestic labor, political reasons, ideological reasons, domestic production, employment, attention, traditional culture, material culture. cities of the Fergana Valley, such as Andijan, I NTRODUCTION Namangan, Fergana, Kokand, Margilan. In particular, craft associations were established in Uzbekistan is one of the few countries in the all of these cities, which were engaged in the world where traditional crafts play an important development of handicrafts in cities and villages, role in traditional and material culture. Effective the restoration and continuation of handicraft efforts in this direction are fully reflected in the traditions. study of ancient and medieval art monuments, traditional crafts, folklore, cultural heritage, T HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS which are considered spiritual and cultural heritage. In recent years, Uzbekistan has created Embroidery has a special place in the handicrafts the necessary economic and social conditions for of the Uzbek people. Embroidery, a traditional the revival of forgotten traditional crafts and the type of handicraft, has an ancient history and has future development of its surviving types. developed in almost all regions of Uzbekistan, preserving its traditions. In urban and rural The Decree of the First President of the Republic neighborhoods, the family was engaged in of Uzbekistan IA Karimov № 1741 of March 31, tanning, jewelry, carpet weaving, embroidery, 1997 “On measures to support the further weaving, and more. If in large cities the development of folk arts and crafts through the population was usually engaged in farming in the state” was issued in this connection, in this early spring and autumn, in the autumn-winter it regard, exemplary work has been done in the was mostly engaged in handicrafts. In the Soviet CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 93 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(5): 93-97, May 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-05-21 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 25th May, 2021 & Published 31th May, 2021 era, domestic labor was initially opposed for қишлоқ аҳолиси шуғулланган [2.5]. Hand- political and ideological reasons, but later, under operated looms are usually installed in the home the notion of “self-employment,” domestic of the artisan. One room has two or more looms, production was not strongly opposed, but not in which silk, semi-silk fabrics, satin are woven. enough attention was paid to its development. In the second half of the XIX century in the If we pay attention to the history of embroidery, Fergana valley developed the art of embroidery. in order to preserve the craft of embroidery, it Chitgar masters used Islamic patterns, such as was necessary to create embroidery in harmony various flowers, leaves, almonds, pomegranates, with the ancient traditions, all kinds of methods as well as the moon and talismans. At present, of making embroidery products, embroideries. black and red handicrafts are preserved in the Although handicrafts made by artisans are labor- Fergana Valley. In the early twentieth century, intensive, they are low-cost and are designed to the markets in the major cities of the Fergana meet the needs of the local population. Cotton Valley differed from other regional markets by fabrics woven by artisans or manufactured in the their density, the variety and quantity of goods factory were considered the main material for sold, their structure, and the diversity of the embroidery. The textile industry is unique in ethnic composition of the market population. In different regions of Uzbekistan, and includes the trade turnover of the markets, embroidery several industries, such as spinning, weaving and was the fabric used in embroidery, and women dyeing. The main raw materials of spinners were were the mainstay [3.56]. cotton, wool and silk. The development of embroidery in the The development of embroidery species was Kashkadarya region was also associated with the largely dependent on the sedentary, semi- historically formed way of life of the local sedentary nature of the population, nature, the population. The most widespread areas of availability of raw materials. In the regions of traditional embroidery have long been Uzbekistan, embroidery has traditionally been considered to be the central and especially the developed at home, main