IMAGE OF BIRDS IN KHOREZM ART CRAFTS (BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS)

Аннотация

The article is devoted to the research of archeological findings of art of khorezm people in ancient and middle-aged period of time the image of birds in the examples of art items. That time in the mythological ideas of khorezm folk art the image of birds was mighty and superficial symbol. KEYWORDS: - Ancient world, middle aged time, fine art, peacock, pigeon, eagle, pheasant, swan, mythological outlook. creatures came into a strict rule and tradition. I NTRODUCTION In the wall paintings and artefacts of the It is known that the art and artistic craft of each monuments of the ancient and antiquity of nation is formed on the basis of the worldview Khorezm, many of the items made in the images and thinking of these ground peoples. Even in the of birds, animals and mythical animals and their Khorezm Oasis peoples, such as the ancient depiction are uçraydi. In ancient times, some Eastern countries, animals and birds aks representatives of the animal and bird world reflection was found in the handicraft items as a who served as the totem of paganism dinida the product of totemism in ancient times. Mile in the doctrine of Zoroastrianism developed in ancient region.avv. The influence of the "wild style" of times and in the samples of the material culture sak-Scythians in the making of art objects from of the first Middle Ages with a symbolic divine the middle of the I millennium is evident. In the meaning and meaning. minds of the peoples of the oasis of that period, T the search for a way of life in the image of these HE MAIN FINDINGS AND RESULTS CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 21 ISSN – 2767-472X https://masterjournals.com/index.php/CRJH CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 2(7): 21-25, July 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-07-05 ISSN 2767-472X ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 15th July, 2021 & Published 20thJuly, 2021 In Zoroastrianism, birds were recognized as 4th centuries BC) is in the form of a bird, the divinely powerful beings, and some were ruler of Qoyqrilganqala (4th-3rd centuries BC) is considered symbols of the gods in the minds of depicted as a ruler wearing a large helmet in the the local people. According to the Avesta, the form of a legendary bird. a sculptural statue sacred book of Zoroastrianism, Humo is a bird of wearing a ruler's crown in the form of a white divine power with happiness and wealth. He was eagle was found on his head [7, -P.27, 88]. invisible to anyone, and it was believed that if his The images of the crown of the ruler Vaziramir shadow fell on a man, he would be very happy on Khorezm coins (2nd half of the 3rd century and rich. The image of sausage in the arts and and the beginning of the 4th century) and the crafts of the peoples of Central Asia dates back to crown of the ruler on the melodic III century the IV century. copper coins found in Angola are reflected in the In the minds of the peoples of the ancient and form of an eagle [7, -P.27,88]. Images of a ruling early medieval Khorezm oasis, in addition to crown in the form of an eagle are also found on humus, birds such as peacocks, white birds, Parthian and Kushan coins. Undoubtedly, the pigeons, roosters were recognized as symbols of image of birds on coins and murals represented divinity. Inostrantsev noted that in the pre- the image of a divine ruler. Islamic religious and mythological thinking and It is known that with the spread of Islam, due to worldview of the peoples of the Khorezm oasis, religious prohibitions, the nature of the birds expressed the soul or its spirit, which was decoration of objects in architecture and artistic separated from the human body. Yu.A., an expert crafts, the forms and stylistic features of fine arts on the history of the ancient religions of the also changed. In Islam, the doctrine of kalam, peoples of the oasis. Developing this idea, which has a negative attitude to the depiction of Rapoport admits that "birds are not only the living beings, was formed in the late eighth and symbol of the human soul, but also the white bird early ninth centuries. Nevertheless, pre-Islamic and the peacock as a symbol of the goddess emblems, plots, and themes continued to be Anaxita" [5, -P.94]. reflected in many ceramics, bronze, wood, and In the pre-Islamic period, the image of birds such glass ornaments of applied art. as humo, peacock, pigeon, white bird, and At the beginning of the IX-XIII centuries, the rooster had a divine meaning in the thinking and peoples of the Khorezm oasis were not yet artistic handicrafts of the peoples of the oasis. complete in the decoration of artifacts, but under Typically, some representatives of the bird world the influence of Islam we can see a gradual are depicted in art objects as images of gods. increase in Islamic-handicraft and handicraft This is evidenced by the images of birds depicted patterns. The artistic style of expressing the on the thresholds of ancient and ancient image of birds also changes radically, i.e. it is Khorezm monument