SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Аннотация

In contemporary society, more and more people are intending to enhance their speaking skills through phonetics. However, there are numerous challenges that might hinder their progress, such as difficulties in mastering pronunciation, a shortage of effective teaching techniques, and limited access to phonetic resources. This paper explores how phonetics can enhance speaking abilities by improving second language learners' stress patterns and intonation. Additionally, it focuses on effective teaching strategies, including phonetic drills and technological tools, to help learners overcome these obstacles and achieve oral proficiency. Key words: phonetics, words, intonation, pronunciations, strategies, stress, techniques, Tone, communication. Clear and confident speaking skills are essential in almost every aspect of life whether you're giving a presentation, learning a new language, or simply trying to be better understood. One of the most effective ways to improve your speaking abilities is by learning phonetics, the study of sounds in speech. Phonetics helps bridge the gap between how words are written and how they are actually spoken. Phonetics focuses on how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. For 234 STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY English learners, it’s essential to know how different sounds are made and how they change depending on the context. Phonetics allows you to: • Produce sounds more accurately. • Understand the differences between English sounds and those in your native language. • Improve your pronunciation, making you more intelligible to others. While learning to improve the speaking through phonetics, a number of people, especially second language learners may encounter obstacles, which might slow down their efforts. There is a plethora of challenges while learning. [1;117-120] For instance, 1)Difficulty in pronouncing unfamiliar sounds, which is the one of the biggest challenges for second language learners when improving their speaking skills. This is due to the fact that different languages possess different sets of sounds (phonemes) and if a learner’s native language doesn’t exist this sounds, they might have trouble hearing and even pronouncing them correctly. [3;15-17] Like for instance: • /θ/ (think) and /ð/ (this) there aren’t “th” sounds in uzbek language, so many people replace them with /s/ or /t/ for /θ/ and /z/ or /d/ for /ð/. Example: think-sink or this - dis. They may also mispronounce thank-sank which is crucial to learn when speaking with foreign people! • /w/ (will) vs /v/ (very). Many people don’t distinguish these letters, so most of learners pronounce them “west” as “vest”. • /ɜː/ (bird) and /æ/ (cat) Many learners may pronounce them / ɜː/ as “o” or “u” and / æ/ as “e”. [4;611-628] Example: word - ward, cat- ket. 2)Another main issue for second language learners, including Uzbek speakers learning English is word stress and intonation. These things are significant for natural and fluent speech. Additionally, errors in stress or intonation can make speech sound unnatural or difficult to understand. Word stress emphasizes to the strongest syllable in a word. In English a word with two or more syllables has one syllable which is pronounced more strongly than the others. The stressed syllable is: • Louder • Longer • Higher in a tone Example: REcord (noun) — reCORD (verb) CONtract (noun) vs conTRACT (verb) PREsent (noun) vs preSENT (verb) So, intonation is the rise and fall of pitch in speech. Rising intonation is used for yes/no questions and showing surprise. For example: Are you coming? — in this statement the tone is rises at the end. Falling intonation is commonly used for statements and WH questions or commands. Example: I live in Tashkent. - in this statement the tone decreases at the end. Problems with intonation and word stress are common for second language learners, because English stress rules are different from other languages. So, as well as word stress and intonation, there is also one of the biggest problems. 3) Confusion between similar sounds. This may occur, because some English sounds do not exist in other languages, making them difficult to distinguish and pronounce correctly. Example: bit - beat Ship - sheep Live - leave Learners often mispronounce such kind of words which may lead to misunderstandings. For improving speaking second language learner should find solutions for these problems. 4)Hesitation — is also a problem new language learners. 235 STUDENTLERDI BIRLESTIRIW: XALÍQARALÍQ IZERTLEWLER HÁM PÁNLER BOYINSHA BIRGE ISLESIW 1-XALÍQARALÍQ STUDENTLER KONFERENCIYASÍ. NÓKIS, 2025-JÍL 20-21-MAY Example: Nowadays, many people are struggling with this problem, because they think that they might make mistakes while speaking in English. Solutions for aforementioned issues: • /θ/ (think) and /ð/ (this), for these sounds