MANIFESTATION OF ANCIENT RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IN THE TRADITIONS AND CEREMONIES OF THE UZBEK AND KAZAKH PEOPLES

Аннотация

This article describes the manifestation of the ancient religious beliefs of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples in the traditions and ceremonies of the Tashkent oasis in the twentieth century, ethnic and non-ethnic features and ethnic processes. KEYWORDS:- Ethnos, ethnicity, in ethnic, belief, tradition, ritual, totemism, animism, fetishism, magic, shaman, ethnocontact, Zoroastrianism. ceremonies as a separate study. I NTRODUCTION At the heart of the traditions and ceremonies of The study of ethnocultural relations and ethnic the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples are traces of processes serves to identify national and ancient religious beliefs: totemism, anemism, regional characteristics, ethnic and non-ethnic fetishism, magic, worship of nature and ancestral aspects of ethnos and ethnic groups. On the basis spirits, shamanism and Zoroastrianism. of the materials of the Tashkent oasis, we study Belief in animal totems was strong among the manifestation of ancient religious beliefs and Kazakh ethnic groups in the Tashkent oasis, ethnic processes in the traditions and including those whose livestock was ceremonies of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples. predominant or who now have a sedentary In general, ancient religious beliefs and related lifestyle. Here are some of them, for example, the customs and traditions have been studied by use of wolf organs: jawbone, fur, skin, nails and some researchers, including Radlov VV, Potapov teeth as a "protective" means. This habit is also LP, Lobacheva NP, Khaytun AE, Toleubaev TA, present among the settled population, where Abdullaev US, Ashirov Studied by scientists such they are valued more as a means of protecting as A.A. the teeth and claws of the wolf from various ins- rocks and evil eyes (evil forces). They even made The Uzbek and Kazakh peoples of the Tashkent a tumor out of wolf teeth, fur, and claws and oasis, who have lived together in the same area hung it around his neck or hung it on a house net. for a long time and are one of the ethno-contact This custom is still practiced today. areas, have not studied the manifestation of ancient religious beliefs in ethnic processes and The horse has long been valued as a lightweight, CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICSISSN 196 – 2767-3278 https://masterjournals.com/index.php/crjp CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 2(10): 196-199 October 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-10-35 ISSN 2767-3278 ©2021 Master Journals Accepted 26thOctober, 2021 & Published 31thOctober, 2021 long-distance, and close friend. In ancient times, ancient times, people believed that shamans had the custom of "circling" associated with the horse the power to communicate with spirits. In totem, which was characteristic of pastoral particular, shamans were believed to have peoples, existed among the Kazakhs and the properties such as treating various ailments, population of the Fergana Valley until recently. burying the dead, finding lost objects, and However, in the twentieth century, this practice prophesying. In the period under study, those was not observed among the population of the who performed such tasks were not called Tashkent oasis, including the Kazakhs, only some shamans, but in Kazakhs they were called of the older people say that the ancestral custom "baksy", in Uzbeks "baxshi", "fortune teller", of "circling" was followed by their ancestors. "kinnachi". They performed specific tasks. For example: fortune tellers find lost objects, predict The peoples of the Tashkent oasis also had the future. The bakhshis, on the other hand, cast strong fetishistic ideas, such as the belief in out evil spirits from the human body along with inanimate things and their sanctification. For divination. The Kinnaists, on the other hand, example, in the early twentieth century, the treated those who were weakened by shock and Kazakhs, whose economy was based on animal loss or eye contact. The Tashkent oasis is a husbandry, had tumors made from animal common ceremony among the Uzbek and Kazakh organs: eyes, teeth, nails, wool, while the Uzbeks peoples. In it, evil spirits and spirits were driven had tumors made from incense, pepper and out by "zikr" in a circle. According to the other fruit tree seeds. Such differences in tumors participants in the dhikr, during the dhikr, some disappeared as a result of ethnocultural laughed, shouted, and some cried, but they could connections and became common in fetishistic not say exactly how they got into such a stressful perceptions manifested in tumors. At the same state of mind. They imagined that evil spirits time, amulets with verses of the Qur'an written would fall into such a state in the process of in Arabic on paper are also common. leaving the human body. Remembrance and In the ancient system of religious beliefs, the related practices have been preserved among the worship of ancestral spirits is present in all population, mainly among bakhshis, kinnas, and peoples, as well as in the Uzbek and Kazakh e