Сравнительный перевод атрибутивных слов при обучении сложным архитектурным терминам на уроках иностранного языка

Аннотация

The comparative translation of the most commonly used words in the architectural text is been described in this article. The article also clarifies specific examples of Arabic, Persian and Latin languages, which are based on the original phase of the English-language complex technical glossary, which relates to the ancient architectural monuments of the Oriental culture and which have remained unchanged for many years. Keywords and expression: terms, terminology, Arabic and Persian attributes, non- equivalent vocabulary, field, specialized, architecture and construction, peshtok, ravak. Аннотация: Мақолада архитектура соҳасига оид матнлардаги энг кўп ишла- тиладиган сўзларнинг қиёсий таржимаси таърифланади. Шунингдек, бугунги инглиз тилидаги мураккаб техник луғатнинг асл шаклланиш босқичи, Шарқ мада- ниятининг қадимий меъморчилик обидаларига тааллуқли бўлган ва асрлар давомида ўзгармас ҳолда ишлатилаётган араб, форс ва лотин тилларидаги ўзлаш- ма сўзларнинг аниқ мисоллари ҳам келтирилган. Таянч сўз ва иборалар: термин, терминология, арабча ва форсча ўзлашмалар, муқобилсиз лексика, соҳа, ихтисослашган, архитектура ва қурилиш, пештоқ, равоқ. Аннотация: В данной статье исследованы архитектурные термины, их формирование, заимствования из арабского, персидского и латинского языков, относящиеся к древним архитектурным достопримечательностям восточной культуры, а также проблемы их перевода. Ключевые слова и выражения: термин, терминология, арабские и персидские заимствования, неальтернативная лексика, сфера, специализированный, архитек- тура и строительство, портал, арка. Learning technical vocabulary has some difficulty. The rating scale used in this research distinguishes two kinds of technical words – those that may occur in general non-specialised usage, and those that are largely unique to a particular specialised field. These two kinds of technical words pose different kinds of problems for learners in recognising that a word is a technical word, and in learning technical words. The most obvious technical words are those which have Greek or Latin based forms and which do not occur outside of the specialised area1. Modern architectural terminology has been derived from Greek, Egyptian and has roots from Latin language. However, it is difficult for one to understand the meaning of those words at once. Because of the industrial development, all the nations including Egypt, China, India and Arabic countries used their own up-to-date terminologies that are formed according to language, religion and culture, which is quite obvious. For instance, “Arka” is – “Ravoq” in Arabic language but the meaning 1 Anglin J. M. (1993). Vocabulary development: A morphological analysis. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Serial No. 238, Vol. 58, No 10. 26 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2018, № 2 of this word and its usage in the building is the same. The Egyptian architecture is based on its great historical significance and dates back thousands of years. This is what we see in see in the Egyptian pyramids, which have been built in Egypt, which has been stagnant in the word community. The history in Egypt can be found in its richness, its scientific views and the books that have come to our mind. There are also some architectural terms in the Egyptian architecture. These are important in revealing in essence of the architecture of Egypt. A mastaba, meaning “house of eternity” or “eternal house” in ancient Egyptian, is a flat-roofed, rectangular tomb with outward sloping sides that is constructed with mud-bricks. Hypostyle halls are interior spaces in which roof rests on pillars or columns. The word hypostyle means “under pillars” and the design allows for the construction of large space – such as in temples, palaces, or public buildings- without the need for arches1. Italy has a very broad and diverse architectural style, which cannot be simply classified by period or region. However, this has created a highly diverse and electric range in architectural designs. Italy is known for its considerable architectural achievements, such as the construction of arches, domes and similar structure during ancient Rome. Buttress – a projecting mass of masonry serving provide additional strength for the wall. Moreover, the architecture of china is as old as Chinese civilization. For example, the siheyuan (literally meaning four – sided courtyard) was the basic housing unit of Old Beijing. Chinese architecture also has a great deal of historic significance with its many scientific sources, books and terms. These resources, books and terms play an important role to create architectural vocabulary. As well as Uzbekistan has also great heritage about architectural monuments and their specific terminologies. The history of Uzbek architecture dates back to millennia. An example of this is the preservation of historical monuments of Bukhara, Khorezm, Kashkadarya and Samarkand regions. The fact that the ar