Влияние геополитических трансформаций в Восточной Азии на энергетическую безопасность

Аннотация

Geopolitical transformations and their impact on the energy system are closely related to the formation of the modern world order, and the energy factor plays an increasingly important role in international relations. Currently, energy security is regulated not only by the laws of a market economy, but also by geopolitical interests. Recently, it has been observed that subjects of international relations are trying to use the energy and raw materials factor to advance their interests. In the modern world order, fierce competition and the struggle for energy resources have taken a new turn. Leading countries are striving to establish themselves firmly in regions with large reserves of raw materials. Relations in the field of production, transportation and supply of energy to foreign markets are directly related to geopolitical processes. Therefore, under the influence of geopolitical transformations, this form of relationship changes systematically and functionally. The modern international energy system is affected by the forces and factors inherent in the world order, and is becoming increasingly complex. Geopolitical transformations have a significant impact on the international energy regime, creating a new configuration of geopolitical forces. New large consumer centers are emerging in the international arena, and competition between them is growing. The emergence of new centers of power has a significant impact on international energy relations. Energy conflicts between power centers and other actors weaken the foundations of global 181 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2019, № 3 energy security. At the same time, the lack of effective international legal mechanisms to ensure energy security complicates the energy situation. This article discusses the impact of geopolitical transformations in East Asia on energy security, geopolitical processes in the region, the impact of the geostrategic, geo- economic interests of leading countries on international and regional energy relations, the impact of economic competition and political tension on markets, investment and energy resources of the countries of the region on the total security of the region, the geopolitical situation in the region and the participation of leading states, as well as international and regional political and economic structures. Also highlights problems of energy security in East Asia, the energy situation in the region, current issues of energy in the region, energy policy and cooperation of the countries of the region, the main directions of modern architecture of energy security in East Asia, energy strategies of the countries of the region, the institutional foundations of energy security, the problems facing energy diplomacy of the states of the region, the impact of regional conflicts on energy security and other relevant issues facing today's energy security in the region. It also provides analytical forecasts of the future energy situation in the region and in the international arena. The article concludes with scientific recommendations aimed at ensuring energy security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation in the context of geopolitical transformation. Keywords and expressions: Geopolitical transformations, geopolitical and geo-eco- nomic interests, “new centers of power”, geopolitical strategy and energy security, ener- gy policy, energy relations, regional energy security, energy strategy, energy diplomacy, energy management. Кириш. Замонавий халқаро муносабатларда Осиё-Тинч Океани минтақаси, жумладан, Шарқий Осиёнинг роли ва аҳамияти тез суръатлар билан ўсиб бо- раётган янги давр бошланди. Жаҳон иқтисодиёти ва сиёсати марказининг тарихий мисли кўрилмаган "янги Осиё"га – унинг шарқий минтақасига кўчиши замонавий дунё тараққиёти тенденцияларининг энг муҳимидир. Ҳақиқатан ҳам, бугунги кунда ушбу минтақада янги иқтисодий ўсиш марказлари пайдо бўлди. Минтақа стратегик макон, қудратли технологик ва ишлаб чиқариш салоҳиятига, йирик молиявий сармоя ҳамда кенг меҳнат ресурсларига эгадир. Шу билан бирга, хавфсизлик ва барқарорлик нуқтаи назаридан дунёдаги энг мураккаб мин- тақалардан бири бўлиб қолмоқда. Минтақада кучларнинг геосиёсий жойлашуви ўзгариб, қуролланиш пойгаси тезлашди. Бундай вазият, аҳолиси ва ҳудуди жиҳатидан катта бўлган ушбу минтақада тинчлик ва хавфсизликни таъминлаш минтақа давлатлари, шунингдек, ОТИҲ, АСЕАН, ШҲТ каби сиёсий ва иқтисо- дий ташкилотларнинг саъй-ҳаракатларини кучайтириш, янги минтақавий тузил- маларни шакллантиришни тақазо қилади. Минтақа мамлакатларининг табиий захиралари ва энергия ресурслари чек- ланган бўлиб, бугунги кундаги энергияга бўлган юқори талабни қондира олмайди. Кўплаб мутахассисларнинг фикрича минтақа энергетика хавфсизли- гини таъминлаш минтақанинг барча давлатлари учун долзарб масала саналади. Тадқиқотчи Раул С. Манглапус фикрича минтақанинг барча давлатлари учун 182 SHARQSHUNOSLIK / ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ / ORIENTAL STUDIES 2019, № 3 “энергия хавфи” энг юқори