Some issues of digitalization of law-making process in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

The article analyzes the idea of digital technology, which aids to submit legislative acts (laws and resolutions of chambers of the Oliy Majlis) to parliament in electronic form, to monitor the activity of law-making in real time. In addition, the electronic system called “E-law”, which put forward in the article, will serve to reflect automatically the chronological stages of law-making activities and strengthen the transparency. In order to prove the necessity of the launch of the system, the author justifies the idea with scientific research analyzing opinion, views, approaches of lawyers, scientists and experts as well as that developed foreign practice researched in-depth. In addition, relevant amendments to the current laws and adoption of new legislative acts were proposed basing on the scientific research. 428 Цифровые технологии в системе публично-правовых (государственно-правовых) отношений Keywords: Electronic systems, Digital technologies, Information, Support with information, Freedom of Information, Legislative acts, Laws, Resolutions of parliamentary chambers, Electronic law, Parliament НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЗАКОНОТВОРЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАН Аннотация. В статье анализируется идея цифровой технологии, позволяю- щий вносить законодательные акты (законы и постановления палат Олий Мажлиса) в парламент в электронном виде, контролировать законотворческую деятельность в режиме реального времени. Кроме того, предлагаемая в статье электронная си- стема «E-law» послужит для автоматического отражения хронологических этапов законотворческой деятельности и усиления прозрачности. Для обоснования необ- ходимости запуска системы автор обосновывает свою идею научными исследова- ниями, анализируя мнения, взгляды, подходы ученых-юристов и экспертов, а так- же детально исследуя развитую зарубежную практику. Также, на основе научных исследований предложены соответствующие изменения в действующие законы и принятие новых законодательных актов. Ключевые слова: электронные системы, цифровые технологии, информа- ция, информационное обеспечение, свобода информации, законодательные акты, законы, постановления палат парламента, электронный закон, парламент The development trends of modern digital technologies have brought public-legal relations to a new stage, requiring the use of certain effective tools for provision state bodies with information, storage, analysis, and processing in all areas, including the law-making process. If we focus on the scientific views of the following scholars such as O. Akhmedova and Kh. Khasanov outlined the advantages of using cryptographic tools in decision-mak- ing [56. P. 45–51], A. Miriam noted the fact that cryptographic information exchange between governmental bodies will serve to increase the level of quality of the law-mak- ing [12. P. 1057], B.Fox compared the data as a result of the development of informa- tion technology [6. P. 90], G. L. Pedraza-Farinya and R. Whalen researched the impor- tance of information flows through “network systems” in decision-making [29. P. 67], L.Rodriguez emphasized the importance of digital technologies in favor of reduction in subjective factors [31. P. 1860], A. Goodman noted that digital technologies can serve to increase effectiveness in data storage [8. P. 23]. In fact, it can be seen from the opinions of the above-mentioned scientists that the introduction of digital technologies into the law-making process can lead to many ef- fective results. However, in this regard, some issues that need to be implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan are waiting for their solution. In particular, submitting draft laws, resolutions of parliamentary chambers (herein- after – legislative acts) to the parliamentary chambers in electronic form, monitoring the status of the draft legislative acts in real (online) time, automatic reflection of the chrono- logical stages of the drafts until its official announcement, strengthening the transparency 429 Цифровые технологии в системе публично-правовых (государственно-правовых) отношений of law-making activities and providing law-making process with necessary information remain one of the unsolved issues in Uzbekistan and many other countries as well. In economically developed countries, digital technologies have been already ap- plied in law-making process in order to support with necessary information and trans- parency of the activity. For instance, “red tape challenge”, “cutting red tape”, “focus on enforcement” [25], as well as “online intermediary platforms for discussion of draft directives” [3. P. 164-169] have been launched in recent years. The “E-Parliament” pro- gram [27] in the EU, which has been launched in 2019, provided complete electronic exchange of information and served other countries as a model. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence in the provision law-making process with information and the use of modern technologies have been introduced in the EU too. I